ArticleBMC ophthalmology2020
Influence of virtual reality on visual parameters: immersive versus non-immersive mode.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Virtual Reality on the Limb Motor Function, Balance, Gait, and Daily Function of Patients with Stroke: Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- NEIVATECH pilot study: immersive virtual reality training in older amblyopic children with non-compliance or non-response to patching.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Effects of prolonged use of virtual reality smartphone-based head-mounted display on visual parameters: a randomised controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Feasibility and Immediate Effects of Dynamic Exercise Using Mixed Reality for Balance Improvement in Older Adults and Individuals With Neurologic Disorders.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Article
- Harnessing the power of virtual reality technology to enhance public health genomics skills in Africa.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Ophthalmic surgical simulator: an effective and safe approach for trainees in vitreoretinal surgery.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Article
- Individual Variations in Vergence and Accommodation Responses Following Virtual Reality Gameplay.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An Innovative Virtual Reality System for Measuring Refractive Error.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Study of the Possibility of Using Virtual Reality Application in Rehabilitation among Elderly Post-Stroke Patients.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An Immersive Virtual Kitchen Training System for People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Development and Validation Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Design guidelines for limiting and eliminating virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects at work: a comprehensive, factor-oriented review.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- Eye movement characteristics and visual fatigue assessment of virtual reality games with different interaction modes.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- Variations in intraocular pressure and visual parameters before and after using mobile virtual reality glasses and their effects on the eyes.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Changes to Visual Parameters Following Virtual Reality Gameplay.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2022Article
- When virtual and real worlds coexist: Visualization and visual system affect spatial performance in augmented reality.Journal of vision · 2021Article
- Review
- Review
- Dynamic visual acuity and methods of measurement.Journal of optometryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate the differences in refraction, accommodative factors, visual parameters, and subjective symptoms after using two types of virtual reality (VR) content with different depths of perception.
methodsTwenty-three volunteers, who played VR games in two modes (immersive and non-immersive) for 30 min, were enrolled. Visual parameters were examined before and after using VR. Accommodative factors were measured using static and dynamic methods. Subjective symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire. Differences according to VR content were compared, and correlations between each visual parameter were analyzed.
resultsThere were no changes in refraction or accommodative factors after use of the VR. However, there was a significant increase in the near point of accommodation (NPA), the near point of convergence (NPC), and subjective symptom scores after using the immersive mode. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between baseline values of near exophoria and mean accommodative lag of the dominant eye, and also revealed a negative correlation between NPA and mean accommodative lag in the non-dominant eye.
conclusionsThe use of VR for 30 min increased NPA and NPC, especially after the immersive mode was used. In addition, higher exophoria and smaller NPA is associated with increased accommodative lag after using VR.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.