ArticleBrain stimulation
The effects of direct brain stimulation in humans depend on frequency, amplitude, and white-matter proximity.
Article in Brain stimulation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06739304 (The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Relapse Prevention), which is not on this map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Relapse Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal evidence from invasive recordings reveals distributed acoustic feature encoding underlying categorical voice perception.NeuroImage · 2026Article
- Targeting intracranial electrical stimulation to network regions defined within individuals causes network-level effects.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- State-Dependent Modulation of a Theta-Responsive Subnetwork by High-Frequency Stimulation of the Ventral Striatum.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Single pulse electrical stimulation in white matter modulates iEEG visual responses in human early visual cortex.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Nucleus-specific thalamic involvement in seizure networks differentiates neuromodulation outcomes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Stimulation-evoked orbitofrontal activity as a biomarker for DBS personalization in depression.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Human neuronal firing varies with the frequency of local field potential oscillations.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Structural and Functional Connectivity Predict the Effects of Direct Brain Stimulation on Memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Intrinsic and extrinsic connectivity of the seizure onset zone at rest and during stimulation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Causal parametric language mapping with electrical stimulation during awake neurosurgery.Science advances · 2026Article
- The frequency-dependent effects of primary hand motor cortex stimulation on volitional finger movement.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
- Ion dynamics underlying the seizure delay effect of low-frequency electrical stimulation.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Chronic alcohol-induced brain states limit propagation of direct cortical stimulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Brain stimulation preferentially influences long-range projections.Science advances · 2025Article
- Human neuronal firing is modulated by the frequency of local field potential oscillations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Human single-neuron activity is modulated by intracranial theta burst stimulation of the basolateral amygdala.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Visualizing functional network connectivity differences using an explainable machine-learning method.Physiological measurement · 2025Article
- Closed-loop control of theta oscillations enhances human hippocampal network connectivity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Kilohertz electrical stimulation evokes robust cellular responses like conventional frequencies but distinct population dynamics.Communications biology · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 13 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResearchers have used direct electrical brain stimulation to treat a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, for brain stimulation to be maximally effective, clinicians and researchers should optimize stimulation parameters according to desired outcomes.
objectiveThe goal of our large-scale study was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of stimulation at different parameters and locations on neuronal activity across the human brain.
methodsTo examine how different kinds of stimulation affect human brain activity, we compared the changes in neuronal activity that resulted from stimulation at a range of frequencies, amplitudes, and locations with direct human brain recordings. We recorded human brain activity directly with electrodes that were implanted in widespread regions across 106 neurosurgical epilepsy patients while systematically stimulating across a range of parameters and locations.
resultsOverall, stimulation most often had an inhibitory effect on neuronal activity, consistent with earlier work. When stimulation excited neuronal activity, it most often occurred from high-frequency stimulation. These effects were modulated by the location of the stimulating electrode, with stimulation sites near white matter more likely to cause excitation and sites near gray matter more likely to inhibit neuronal activity.
conclusionBy characterizing how different stimulation parameters produced specific neuronal activity patterns on a large scale, our results provide an electrophysiological framework that clinicians and researchers may consider when designing stimulation protocols to cause precisely targeted changes in human brain activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.