ReviewThe ocular surface2021
The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection.
Review in The ocular surface, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Characteristics and associations of microbial community in the eye, anterior nares, and oropharynx of healthy adults: eye-nose microbiota transmission.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- [Influence of the COVID-19 pandemia on the ophthalmologic emergency department in the Toulouse University Hospital during the first lockdown from March the 17th to May the 10th of 2020].Journal francais d'ophtalmologie · 2023Observational
- Detection of Airborne Influenza A and SARS-CoV-2 Virus Shedding following Ocular Inoculation of Ferrets.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Association of COVID-19 Infection With Wearing Glasses in a High-Prevalence Area in Denmark and Sweden.JAMA ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Conjunctival Swab Findings in 484 COVID-19 Patients in Four Hospital Centers in Slovakia.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Ocular transmissibility of COVID-19: possibilities and perspectives.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2022Review
- Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and conjunctival sac swab findings.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2022Article
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ophthalmic presentations to an Australian outer metropolitan and rural emergency department: a retrospective comparative study.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis of Ophthalmology and COVID-19 Research.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Neuropathological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Significance for Both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and its beta variant of concern infect human conjunctival epithelial cells and induce differential antiviral innate immune response.The ocular surface · 2022Article
- Ocular Distribution of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in the Context of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS · 2022Review
- Characteristics ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- COVID-19 Ocular Prophylaxis: The Potential Role of Ozonated-Oils in Liposome Eyedrop Gel.Translational vision science & technology · 2021Article
- In the eye of the storm: SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication at the ocular surface?Stem cells translational medicine · 2021Review
- A Review on the Serum Electrolytes and Trace Elements Role in the Pathophysiology of COVID-19.Biological trace element research · 2021Review
- Spontaneous face- and eye-touching: Infection risk versus potential microbiome gain.The ocular surface · 2021Article
- Viral inhibitors derived from macroalgae, microalgae, and cyanobacteria: A review of antiviral potential throughout pathogenesis.Algal research · 2021Article
- The Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Ocular Surface and Prevention Strategies.Cells · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oculo-centric factors may provide a key to understanding invasion success by SARS-CoV-2, a highly contagious, potentially lethal, virus with ocular tropism. Respiratory infection transmission via the eye and lacrimal-nasal pathway elucidated during the 1918 influenza pandemic, remains to be explored in this crisis. The eye and its adnexae represent a large surface area directly exposed to airborne viral particles and hand contact. The virus may bind to corneal and conjunctival angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and potentially to the lipophilic periocular skin and superficial tear film with downstream carriage into the nasopharynx and subsequent access to the lungs and gut. Adenoviruses and influenza viruses share this ocular tropism and despite differing ocular and systemic manifestations and disease patterns, common lessons, particularly in management, emerge. Slit lamp usage places ophthalmologists at particular risk of exposure to high viral loads (and poor prognosis) and as for adenoviral epidemics, this may be a setting for disease transmission. Local, rather than systemic treatments blocking virus binding in this pathway (advocated for adenovirus) are worth considering. This pathway is accessible with eye drops or aerosols containing drugs which appear efficacious via systemic administration. A combination such as hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and zinc, all of which have previously been used topically in the eye and which work at least in part by blocking ACE2 receptors, may offer a safe, cost-effective and resource-sparing intervention.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.