ArticleBMC neurology2020
Economic costs incurred by the patients with multiple sclerosis at different levels of the disease: a cross-sectional study in Northwest Iran.
Article in BMC neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Economic Burden of Multiple Sclerosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.PharmacoEconomics · 2021Pooled it
- Economic Burden Imposed on Stroke Patients and Its Determinants: A Cross-Sectional Study From Semnan, Iran, in 2024.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Catastrophic Health Expenditures and Their Determinants Among Stroke Patients and Their Households: A Study From Semnan, Iran.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Its Determinants in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Their Households: A Cross-Sectional Study From Iran in 2024.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Household Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Maternal Care: A Cross-Sectional Study From Semnan, Iran.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Economic Burden of Multiple Sclerosis Drugs in Iran during 2011-2019.Iranian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Catastrophic health expenditures in hospitalized patients with delta variant of COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.Health promotion perspectives · 2023Article
- Estimation the medical cost of multiple sclerosis in Iran; 2019-2020.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Developing an Evaluation Model for Maternity Care: A Mixed-Method Study from Iran.Iranian journal of public health · 2022Article
- The catastrophic out-of-pocket health expenditure of multiple sclerosis patients in Iran.BMC health services research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) causes significant economic burden to the patients, families, health systems and society. This study aimed to estimate the annual economic costs incurred by patients with multiple sclerosis (pwms) at different levels of the disease.
methodThis was a cross-sectional study, using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) tool for assessing the disease level of 300 (=N) pwms in East Azerbaijan province, Iran. To estimate the cost of MS, a questionnaire with its validity and reliability (CVR 92% and CVI 87%) and pilot test (Cronbach's alpha score 0.89) was used. The data were collected by interviewing pwms and reviewing their clinical records. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship between disease levels and incurred costs.
resultsThe results revealed that the mean annual cost for pwms in Iran is 97,521,740 IRR (equivalent to 2321.94 USD; 1978.93 EURO) and the mean score of EDSS in pwms was 3.14. The annual cost incurred by pwms with mild, moderate and severe levels of disease were 83,918,150 IRR (1998.05 USD; 1702.88EURO), 137,772,660 IRR (3280.30 USD; 2795.71 EURO) and 119,962,670 IRR (2856.25 USD;2434.30 EURO), respectively. Also, on average, each increase in EDSS score in pwms in Iran led to increase 8,139,260 IRR (equivalent to 193.79 USD; and 165.16 EURO) in total annual cost which must paid from pwms and their households exclusively. Also, there was a significant relationship between total annual cost and disease severity in such a way that any increase in EDSS degree is led to 8,139,260 IRR (193.79 USD; 165.16 EURO) added cost for pwms.
conclusionThe study results could be helpful for Iranian health managers to solve problems which are facing by the patients with multiple sclerosis and their families.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.