Observational studyThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2021
Muscle Mass Assessed by the D3-Creatine Dilution Method and Incident Self-reported Disability and Mortality in a Prospective Observational Study of Community-Dwelling Older Men.
Observational study in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between muscle mass and change in physical functioning in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.European geriatric medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term impact of sarcopenia on functional decline and mortality in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Association of muscle wasting with mortality risk among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Pooled it
- Single-leg disuse decreases skeletal muscle strength, size, and power in uninjured adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Pooled it
- Recent sarcopenia definitions-prevalence, agreement and mortality associations among men: Findings from population-based cohorts.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- An umbrella review of systematic reviews of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate supplementation in ageing and clinical practice.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022Pooled it
- Application of the DJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Trial
- Comparing D3-Creatine Dilution and Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Muscle Mass Responses to Strength Training in Low-Functioning Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Fortetropin on the Rate of Muscle Protein Synthesis in Older Men and Women: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2021Trial
- [Sarcopenia: diagnosis, clinical implications, and treatment].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Examining the relationship between D3Cr muscle mass, physical performance, and functional limitation in postmenopausal women.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Malnutrition and Cachexia in Inpatients With Acute Cardiac Conditions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2026Review
- Relevance of standardized phase angle and bioelectrical impedance vectors in hospitalized older patients: A cohort study.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Article
- Skeletal Muscle Mass Measured Noninvasively by DJournal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Novel Algorithm to Estimate Fat-Free Muscle Volumes in Women Using the Urinary Deuterated-Creatine Dilution Method.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of aging: from molecules and surrogates to physiology and function.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- Interactions between bone density and muscle mass in predicting all-cause mortality: a 10-year prospective cohort study of 1388 older men (aged 77-101 years).Age and ageing · 2025Article
- Main Dietary Patterns for Healthy Aging and Well-Being.Nutrients · 2025Review
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhether low muscle mass is a risk factor for disability and mortality is unclear. Associations between approximations of muscle mass (including lean mass from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry [DXA]), and these outcomes are inconsistent.
methodsMuscle mass measured by deuterated creatine (D3Cr) dilution and appendicular lean mass (ALM, by DXA) were assessed at the Year 14 Visit (2014-2016) of the prospective Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study (N = 1,425, age 77-101 years). Disability in activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs, and mobility tasks was self-reported at the Year 14 visit and 2.2 years later; deaths were centrally adjudicated over 3.3 years. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated per standard deviation decrement with negative binomial, logistic regression, or proportional hazards models.
resultsIn age- and clinical center-adjusted models, the relative risks per decrement in D3Cr muscle mass/wgt was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2, 3.1) for incident self-reported ADL disability; 1.5 (95% CI: 1.3, 1.9) for instrumental ADL disability; and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.5, 2.2) for mobility disability. In age-, clinical center-, and weight-adjusted models, the relative risks per decrement in D3Cr muscle mass was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.5, 2.2) for all-cause mortality. In contrast, lower DXA ALM was not associated with any outcome. Associations of D3Cr muscle mass with these outcomes were slightly attenuated after adjustment for confounding factors and the potentially mediating effects of strength and physical performance.
conclusionsLow muscle mass as measured by D3Cr dilution is a novel risk factor for clinically meaningful outcomes in older men.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.