Trial reportScientific reports2020
Arm-pull thrust in human swimming and the effect of post-activation potentiation.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Upper-Body Post-activation Performance Enhancement for Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis and Recommendations for Future Research.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Acute effects of an individually timed lower-limb post-activation performance enhancement protocol on 50 m front crawl performance and race kinematics in national-level swimmers.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Stretching and potentiation for performance optimization: effects on upper limbs in competitive swimmers.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Accelerometric assessment of fatigue-induced changes in swimming technique in high performance adolescent athletes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nonlinear Analysis of the Hand and Foot Force-Time Profiles in the Four Competitive Swimming Strokes.Journal of human kinetics · 2024Article
- Accommodating resistance is more effective than free weight resistance to induce post-activation performance enhancement in squat jump performance after a short rest interval.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2024Article
- The Effect of Post-Activation Potentiation on Swimming Starts in Adolescent Swimmers.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2023Article
- Agreement between Different Methods to Measure the Active Drag Coefficient in Front-Crawl Swimming.Journal of human kinetics · 2023Article
- Post-activation performance enhancement does not occur following a large hand-paddles and parachute-resisted warm-up routine in collegiate swimmers.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Article
- The Mechanical and Efficiency Constraints When Swimming Front Crawl with the Aquanex System.Journal of human kinetics · 2022Article
- Swimming Warm-Up and Beyond: Dryland Protocols and Their Related Mechanisms-A Scoping Review.Sports medicine - open · 2022Article
- Reliability of using a pressure sensor system to measure in-water force in young competitive swimmers.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Understanding the Role of Propulsion in the Prediction of Front-Crawl Swimming Velocity and in the Relationship Between Stroke Frequency and Stroke Length.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Post-Eccentric Flywheel Underwater Undulatory Swimming Potentiation in Competitive Swimmers.Journal of human kinetics · 2021Article
- Gliding performance is affected by cranial movement of abdominal organs.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the front-crawl arm-pull kinetics and kinematics, comparing it before and after post-activation potentiation (PAP), and the associations between variables describing of the arm-pull kinetics. Twelve male competitive swimmers were randomly assigned to perform two different warm-ups in a crossover manner: (i) non-PAP (control condition); and (ii) PAP (experimental condition). PAP consisted of 2 × 5 arm-pulls with resistance bands by both upper-limbs. Eight minutes later, participants underwent a 25 m all-out trial in front-crawl arm-pull. Kinetics (i.e., peak thrust, mean thrust and thrust-time integral) and kinematics (i.e., speed and speed fluctuation) were collected by an in-house customised system composed of differential pressure sensors, speedo-meter and underwater camera. There was a significant and large improvement of the arm-pull kinetics after completing the warm-up with PAP sets (0.010 < P < 0.054, 0.50 < d < 0.74). There were non-significant and small effects of PAP on speed (P = 0.307, d = 0.18) and speed fluctuation (P = 0.498, d = 0.04). Correlation coefficients among kinetic variables were significant with large associations (0.51 < R < 0.90, 0.001 < P < 0.088). In conclusion, warm-ups including PAP conditioning sets elicit a large improvement in the thrust, but with small improvement in performance. Variables used to characterise thrust are strongly correlated and hence can be used interchangeably.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.