Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32439001›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2020

Associations Between Cardiovascular Risk, Structural Brain Changes, and Cognitive Decline.

Ruixue Song, Hui Xu, Christina S Dintica, Kuan-Yu Pan, Xiuying Qi, Aron S Buchman, David A Bennett, Weili Xu

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
134citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
16.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

134 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 197 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. The role of vascular risk factors in white matter tract microstructure: a multi-cohort study in older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  12. Neurovascular interactions in the ageing heart.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026
    Review
  13. Article
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  18. Cardiovascular risk and hippocampal-cognitive coupling in Alzheimer's disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Plasma p-tau markers, vascular factors, and cognitive decline in the CIMA-Q cohort.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article

74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Ruixue SongDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
Hui XuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
Christina S DinticaAging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Kuan-Yu PanAmsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Xiuying QiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China. Electronic address: qixiuying@tmu.edu.cn.
Aron S BuchmanRush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
David A BennettRush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Weili XuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: xuweili@tmu.edu.cn.
Tianjin Medical University · CNRush University Medical Center · USKarolinska Institutet · SEVrije Universiteit Amsterdam · NL

Funding

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NEURAL RESERVE AND NEUROBIOLOGY IN AGINGR01AG017917 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN · 2001 to 2023
$43.3M
Multimodal MRI biomarkers of small vessel disease for older persons with and without dementia.UH2NS100599 · NINDS · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI ARFANAKIS, KONSTANTINOS, SCHNEIDER, JULIE A. · 2016 to 2017
$2.2M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG017917NINDS NIH HHS UH2 NS100599
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe impact of cardiovascular risk burden on cognitive trajectories and brain structure changes remains unclear.

objectivesThis study aimed to examine whether cardiovascular risk burden assessed by the Framingham General Cardiovascular Risk Score (FGCRS) is associated with cognitive decline and structural brain differences.

methodsWithin the Rush Memory and Aging Project, 1,588 dementia-free participants (mean age: 79.5 years) were followed for up to 21 years. FGCRS was assessed at baseline and categorized into tertiles (lowest, middle, and highest). Episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, visuospatial ability, and perceptual speed were assessed annually with a battery of 19 tests, from which composite scores were derived. A subsample (n = 378) of participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Structural total and regional brain volumes were estimated. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models and linear regression models.

resultsIn all participants, FGCRS ranged from 4 to 28 (mean score: 15.6 ± 3.7). Compared with the lowest tertile of FGCRS, the highest tertile was associated with faster decline in global cognition (β = -0.019; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.035 to -0.003), episodic memory (β = -0.023; 95% CI: -0.041 to -0.004), working memory (β = -0.021; 95% CI: -0.035 to -0.007), and perceptual speed (β = -0.027; 95% CI: -0.042 to -0.011) over the follow-up. In magnetic resonance imaging data analyses, higher FGCRS was related to smaller volumes of the hippocampus (β = -0.021; 95% CI: -0.042 to -0.000), gray matter (β = -1.569; 95% CI: -2.757 to -0.382), and total brain (β = -1.588; 95% CI: -2.832 to -0.344), and greater volume of white matter hyperintensities (β = 0.035; 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.069).

conclusionsHigher cardiovascular risk burden may predict decline in episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed and is associated with neurodegeneration and vascular lesions in the brain.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overAgingApolipoprotein E4Blood PressureBrainBrain DiseasesBrain MappingCardiovascular DiseasesCognitionCognition DisordersFemaleHumansLinear ModelsLongitudinal StudiesMagnetic Resonance ImagingApolipoprotein E4cognitive declinecohort studyFramingham General Cardiovascular Risk Scoremagnetic resonance imagingneurodegenerationvascular lesions

Identifiers

PMID32439001
PMCPMC10061875
OpenAlexW3025412819

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.