Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32438824›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2020

Global Access to Handwashing: Implications for COVID-19 Control in Low-Income Countries.

Michael Brauer, Jeff T Zhao, Fiona B Bennitt, Jeffrey D Stanaway

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 66 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  19. Stepping into the Void: Lessons Learned from Civil Society Organizations during COVID-19 in Rio de Janeiro.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
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6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Michael BrauerInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Jeff T ZhaoInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fiona B BennittInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Jeffrey D StanawayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLow-income countries have reduced health care system capacity and are therefore at risk of substantially higher COVID-19 case fatality rates than those currently seen in high-income countries. Handwashing is a key component of guidance to reduce transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior systematic reviews have indicated the effectiveness of handwashing to reduce transmission of respiratory viruses. In low-income countries, reduction of transmission is of paramount importance, but social distancing is challenged by high population densities and access to handwashing facilities with soap and water is limited.

objectivesOur objective was to estimate global access to handwashing with soap and water to inform use of handwashing in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission.

methodsWe utilized observational surveys and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression modeling in the context of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study to estimate access to a handwashing station with available soap and water for 1,062 locations from 1990 to 2019.

resultsDespite overall improvements from 1990 {33.6% [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 31.5, 35.6] without access} to 2019, globally in 2019, 2.02 (95% UI: 1.91, 2.14) billion people, 26.1% (95% UI: 24.7, 27.7) of the global population, lacked access to handwashing with available soap and water. More than 50% of the population in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania were without access to handwashing in 2019, and in eight countries, DISCUSSION: For populations without handwashing access, immediate improvements in access or alternative strategies are urgently needed, and disparities in handwashing access should be incorporated into COVID-19 forecasting models when applied to low-income countries. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7200.

Indexed as

Global HealthHand DisinfectionPovertyBetacoronavirusCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19HumansPandemicsPneumonia, ViralPopulation DensityRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID32438824
PMCPMC7263456

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.