ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2020
A latent class analysis of heavy substance use in Young adulthood and impacts on physical, cognitive, and mental health outcomes in middle age.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alcohol and cannabis use and Co-use among U.S. sexual minority young adults: Findings from the 2019-2021 monitoring the future longitudinal panel data.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Latent Classes of Substance Use in Young Adult Survivors of Child Maltreatment and Adversity: A 20-Year Prospective Investigation.Child maltreatment · 2026Article
- Role Status Changes During Emerging Adulthood and Their Association with Substance Use, Mental Health, and Well-Being Outcomes over a 4-Year Period.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2026Article
- Manifestation of Drinking Profiles in Daily Life: Associations With Momentary Negative Affect, Impulsivity, and Drinking.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Screening Children for Risk of Frequent Substance Use in Young Adulthood: A 17-Year Prospective, National Study.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Cannabis and Tobacco Product Use Classes and Psychosocial Correlates Among US Young Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Accumulating disadvantage: Mechanisms linking discrimination histories and adolescent health.Developmental psychology · 2026Article
- A latent class analysis of cardiometabolic risk factors and the predicted prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in middle-aged Swedish adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Young Adult Substance Use as a Predictor of Poor Self-Rated Memory Decades Later in Midlife.Journal of aging and health · 2026Article
- Medical Cannabis Use Across Ages 19-65 Years: U.S. Young and Middle Adults, 2018-2023.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Polysubstance use in early adulthood and associated factors in the Republic of Ireland: An analysis of a nationally representative cohort.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Epigenetic and genetic profiling of comorbidity patterns among substance dependence diagnoses.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Patterns of childhood maltreatment and maternal substance use disorder on the development of emerging adult offspring substance use.Developmental psychology · 2025Article
- Adolescent empathy and epigenetic aging in adulthood: Substance use as a mediator.Developmental psychology · 2025Article
- Leveraging Parents and Peer Recovery Supports to Increase Recovery Capital in Emerging Adults With Polysubstance Use: Protocol for a Feasibility, Acceptability, and Appropriateness Study of Launch.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Problematic Cannabis Use: The Role of Emotion Dysregulation and Affective Impulsivity.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2024Article
- The Impact of Longitudinal Substance Use Patterns on the Risk of Opioid Agonist Therapy Discontinuation: A Repeated Measures Latent Class Analysis.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2024Article
- Patterns of opioid use behaviors among patients seen in the emergency department: Latent class analysis of baseline data from the POINT pragmatic trial.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms Reported during Midlife: Results from the Monitoring the Future Study among US Adults at Modal Ages 50, 55, and 60.Substance use & misuse · 2023Article
- Clustering of Modifiable Behavioral Risk Factors and Their Association with All-Cause Mortality in Taiwan's Adult Population: a Latent Class Analysis.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study examines whether longitudinal patterns of persistent or experimental heavy substance use across young adulthood were associated with physical and mental health in midlife.
methodsData (N = 21,347) from Monitoring the Future from adolescence (age 18) to midlife (age 40) were used. Repeated measures latent class analysis modeled patterns of patterns of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs across young adulthood (ages 18-30). Latent classes were then used as predictors of physical health problems, cognitive problems, self-rated health, and psychological problems in midlife (age 40), while controlling for sociodemographic variables (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, parental education).
resultsIdentified classes were "Extreme Heavy Users" (3.9%), "Early Young Adult Users" (8.9%), "Cigarette Smokers" (9.2%), "All But Cigarette Smokers" (5.0%), "Frequent Alcohol Bingers" (10.4%), and "Not-Heavy Users" (62.6%). Extreme Heavy Users, Early Young Adult Users, and Cigarette Smokers had significantly poorer overall health based on a number of physical conditions and self-rated health. Extreme Heavy Users, Early Young Adult Users, Cigarette Smokers, and All But Cigarette Smokers had more cognitive problems than other classes. Extreme Heavy Users, Early Young Adult Users, Cigarette Smokers, and All But Cigarette Smokers were more likely to see a health professional for a psychological problem.
conclusionsPatterns of heavy substance use were associated with health across decades. Regular cigarette smokers and heavy users across substances and ages had the worst health in midlife, although even those with time-limited use during young adulthood were at risk for later physical and cognitive health problems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.