ArticlePsychological science2020
Beyond Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) Psychology: Measuring and Mapping Scales of Cultural and Psychological Distance.
Article in Psychological science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies on Youth Internet Behavior Using the Positive Youth Development Frameworks.Journal of adolescence · 2026Pooled it
- The prevalence of panic disorder in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Promising Directions: A Systematic Review of Psychosocial and Behavioral Interventions with Cultural Incorporation for Advanced and Metastatic Cancer.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of mobile brain/body imaging studies using the P300 event-related potentials to investigate cognition beyond the laboratory.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Working conditions and mental health of migrants and refugees in Europe considering cultural origin- a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Developmental Screening Tools Used with First Nations Populations: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Aversiveness of errors and the error-related negativity (ERN): A systematic review on the affective states' manipulations findings.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Dopaminergic Genetic Variation in Young Adolescents: Associations with Sensation-Seeking.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2021Pooled it
- Eukaryotic and bacterial gut communities vary along a lifestyle-associated urbanization gradient: comparative analysis of Germany and Madagascar.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Conceptualising and operationalising 'patient and public involvement' (PPI) and 'responsible research and innovation' (RRI) in youth mental health research: a scoping review.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Review
- Educating minds with generative AI.Communications psychology · 2026Review
- Perceived versus Objective Cultural Distance: Differential Effects on Acculturation Experiences.Journal of cross-cultural psychology · 2026Article
- "Everyone Has a Different Body Constitution": An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Experiences of Social Interaction and Related Supports in Chinese Autistic Postsecondary Students.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Article
- Strong-Ties and Weak-Ties Rationalities: Predicting Public Stigma, Support Networks, and Health Behaviours During the COVID-19 Pandemic Across Four Societies.International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Culture: Cultural Membership Classification as an Exploratory Approach to Cross-Cultural Psychology.Personality & social psychology bulletin · 2026Article
- Hormonal contraceptive use is associated with love intensity across 51 countries.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ageing, Cognitive Deterioration, and Verbal Disfluency: A Case Study in Thailand.Journal of psycholinguistic research · 2026Article
- Beyond cultural distance: perceived discrimination, social contact, and social adjustment among international students in Türkiye.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Audio Visual Assisted Therapy Aid for Refractory Auditory Hallucinations (AVATAR) therapy for voice hearers: systematic review and meta-analysis.BJPsych open · 2026Review
- WEIRD but Also Inconsistent: An Analysis of the Reporting Practices of Participant Samples Across Five Areas of Psychology.International journal of psychology : Journal international de psychologie · 2026Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this article, we present a tool and a method for measuring the psychological and cultural distance between societies and creating a distance scale with any population as the point of comparison. Because psychological data are dominated by samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) nations, and overwhelmingly, the United States, we focused on distance from the United States. We also present distance from China, the country with the largest population and second largest economy, which is a common cultural comparison. We applied the fixation index (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.