ArticleBone & joint research2020
Relationship of sex steroid hormones with bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in adult men.
Article in Bone & joint research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Feminizing hormone therapy using GnRH agonists as antiandrogens is not associated with adverse metabolic and bone effects in adult transgender women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association between dietary choline intake and bone mineral density in adolescents: a NHANES-based study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a gene signature predicting the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Bone & joint research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo examine the relationship of sex steroid hormones with osteopenia in a nationally representative sample of men in the USA.
methodsData on bone mineral density (BMD), serum sex hormones, dairy consumption, smoking status, and body composition were available for 806 adult male participants of the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2004). We estimated associations between quartiles of total and estimated free oestradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) and osteopenia (defined as 1 to 2.5 SD below the mean BMD for healthy 20- to 29-year-old men) by applying sampling weights and using multivariate-adjusted logistic regression. We then estimated the association between serum hormone concentrations and osteopenia by percentage of body fat, frequency of dairy intake, cigarette smoking status, age, and race/ethnicity.
resultsMen in the lowest quartile of total E2 concentrations (< 21.52 pg/ml) had greater odds of osteopenia compared with men in the highest quartile (odds ratio (OR) 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 4.73; p-trend = 0.030). Total and free T were not associated with osteopenia. Low total E2 concentrations were associated with greater odds of osteopenia among non-daily dairy consumers (p-trend = 0.046), current or former smokers (p-trend = 0.032), and younger men (p-trend = 0.031). No differences were observed by race/ethnicity and obesity.
conclusionIn this nationally representative study of the USA, men with lower total E2 were more likely to have osteopenia, which was particularly evident among younger men, men with less-than-daily dairy consumption, and current or former smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.