Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32435462›Full record

ArticleBone & joint research2020

Cigarette smoke inhalation impairs angiogenesis in early bone healing processes and delays fracture union.

Chao-Jui Chang, I-Ming Jou, Tung-Tai Wu, Fong-Chin Su, Ta-Wei Tai

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bone & joint research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Do smokers achieve the same clinically meaningful improvement after total hip arthroplasty?European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Chao-Jui ChangDepartment of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Skeleton Materials and Bio-compatibility Core Lab, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
I-Ming JouDepartment of Orthopaedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Great East Gate Clinic, Tainan, Taiwan.
Tung-Tai WuInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Great East Gate Clinic, Tainan, Taiwan.
Fong-Chin SuNational Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
Ta-Wei TaiDepartment of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Skeleton Materials and Bio-compatibility Core Lab, Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
National Cheng Kung University · TWNational Cheng Kung University Hospital · TWE-Da Hospital · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsCigarette smoking has a negative impact on the skeletal system, causes a decrease in bone mass in both young and old patients, and is considered a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. In addition, it disturbs the bone healing process and prolongs the healing time after fractures. The mechanisms by which cigarette smoking impairs fracture healing are not fully understood. There are few studies reporting the effects of cigarette smoking on new blood vessel formation during the early stage of fracture healing. We tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoke inhalation may suppress angiogenesis and delay fracture healing.

methodsWe established a custom-made chamber with airflow for rats to inhale cigarette smoke continuously, and tested our hypothesis using a femoral osteotomy model, radiograph and microCT imaging, and various biomechanical and biological tests.

resultsIn the smoking group, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining revealed less expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and von Willebrand factor (vWF). The smoking group also had a lower microvessel density than the control group. Image and biochemical analysis also demonstrated delayed bone healing.

conclusionCigarette smoke inhalation was associated with decreased expression of angiogenic markers in the early bone healing phase and with impaired bone healing.

Indexed as

AngiogenesisBone healingCigaretteFracture unionSmoking

Identifiers

PMID32435462
PMCPMC7229299
OpenAlexW3010553211

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.