ArticlePediatric research2021
Active free secretory component and secretory IgA in human milk: do maternal vaccination, allergy, infection, mode of delivery, nutrition and active lifestyle change their concentrations?
Article in Pediatric research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Breast Milk Immunoglobulinome.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- COVID-19 mRNA vaccine and antibody response in lactating women: a prospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Trial
- Review
- Lactoferrin and SIgA Concentrations in Human Milk of SARS-CoV-Infected Mothers-Polish Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The primiparous IgA and IL-5 colostrum concentration based on maternal factor: corroborate the inflammation pathways to IgA colostrum synthesis.AJOG global reports · 2025Article
- From Womb to World: Exploring the Immunological Connections between Mother and Child.ImmunoHorizons · 2024Review
- Review
- Human milk microbiota: what did we learn in the last 20 years?Microbiome research reports · 2022Review
- Maternal vaccination as an additional approach to improve the protection of the nursling: Anti-infective properties of breast milk.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2022Review
- Receptor-binding Domain Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-specific Antibodies in Human Milk From Mothers With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Polymerase Chain Reaction or With Symptoms Suggestive of Coronavirus Disease 2019.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2021Article
- Human breast milk-based nutritherapy: A blueprint for pediatric healthcare.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2021Review
- Article
- The effects of probiotic supplementation on the gene expressions of immune cell surface markers and levels of antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines in human milk.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Article
- Previous viral symptoms and individual mothers influenced the leveled duration of human milk antibodies cross-reactive to S1 and S2 subunits from SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, and HCoV-OC43.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Article
- Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Milk of Gestational Diabetic Mothers.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Human Milk Antibodies Against S1 and S2 Subunits from SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E in Mothers with A Confirmed COVID-19 PCR, Viral SYMPTOMS, and Unexposed Mothers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFree secretory component (free SC) in human milk is a critical constituent of secretory IgA (SIgA) for immune exclusion, but its concentration in human milk is unknown. To evaluate the relationship between free SC and SIgA, the influence of maternal factors (vaccination during pregnancy, allergy, previous infections, nutrition, mode of delivery and active lifestyle) on the concentrations of those secretory immune components in human milk was investigated.
methodsConcentration of active free SC and SIgA in 124 milk samples from 91 mothers were measured via ELISA.
resultsFree SC in milk from Tdap-vaccinated mothers was lower than the Tdap-flu-vaccinated, flu-vaccinated or Rhogam-vaccinated mothers. Free SC in mothers who had a cesarean delivery was higher than mothers who had a vaginal delivery. Free SC in the nonallergic group was higher than the allergic group. Free SC was higher in mothers who rarely/never eat junk food, than in mothers who always/frequently eat junk food. Free SC also was higher in the moderate exercise group (active lifestyle) compared with the group who rarely/never exercise (sedentary lifestyle). Free SC in human milk was not affected by previous maternal infection or probiotic supplementation whereas SIgA was not changed by all investigated maternal factors.
conclusionThis study suggests that active free SC is more impacted by maternal factors than active SIgA in human milk. IMPACT: Active free secretory component (free SC) is more impacted by maternal factors than active secretory IgA (SIgA) in human milk. Vaccination during pregnancy, allergy, nutrition, type of delivery and active lifestyle affect the secretion of free SC in human milk, but not SIgA secretion. Free SC in human milk is a critical constituent of secretory IgA (SIgA) for immune exclusion against pathogens and its active concentration in milk strongly varies between mothers, partially due to their specific maternal background.
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