ArticleNature protocols2020
Subzero non-frozen preservation of human livers in the supercooled state.
Article in Nature protocols, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dual acellular subnormothermic machine perfusion for enhanced uterus preservation in a swine model.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- What we can learn from hibernators and other adapted animals about organ transplantation: mechanisms of cold resistance and enhanced regeneration.Protein & cell · 2026Article
- Cryopreservation of biological materials: applications and economic perspectives.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Review
- Cellular and Molecular Changes Induced by Various Preservation Temperatures and Methods of Preservation in Renal Grafts and Other Solid Organ Grafts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cryopreservation Strategies to Improve Access to Organ Transplantation.Transplantation · 2026Review
- Engineered supercooling systems for enhanced long-term preservation of large-volume red blood cells in commercial blood bags.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- A simplified computational liver perfusion model, with applications to organ preservation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- [Advances and perspectives in vascularized composite allotransplantation preservation].Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine · 2024Article
- Continuous oxygen monitoring to enhance ex-vivo organ machine perfusion and reconstructive surgery.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2024Article
- Polyethylene glycol and caspase inhibitor emricasan alleviate cold injury in primary rat hepatocytes.Cryobiology · 2024Article
- VCA supercooling in a swine partial hindlimb model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Hypothermic machine perfusion reduces donation after circulatory death liver ischemia-reperfusion injury through the SERPINA3-mediated PI3Kδ/Akt pathway.Human cell · 2024Article
- Focusing on Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in the New Era of Dynamic Machine Perfusion in Liver Transplantation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Machine Perfusion Enables 24-h Preservation of Vascularized Composite Allografts in a Swine Model of Allotransplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Article
- Supercooled preservation of cultured primary rat hepatocyte monolayers.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Polyethylene Glycol and Caspase Inhibitor Emricasan Alleviates Cold Injury in Primary Rat Hepatocytes.Research square · 2023Article
- Zebrafish as a high throughput model for organ preservation and transplantation research.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2023Article
- Isochoric Supercooling Organ Preservation System.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- An exploratory study on isochoric supercooling preservation of the pig liver.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2023Article
- Cryopreservation of tissues and organs: present, bottlenecks, and future.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Preservation of human organs at subzero temperatures has been an elusive goal for decades. The major complication hindering successful subzero preservation is the formation of ice at temperatures below freezing. Supercooling, or subzero non-freezing, preservation completely avoids ice formation at subzero temperatures. We previously showed that rat livers can be viably preserved three times longer by supercooling as compared to hypothermic preservation at +4 °C. Scalability of supercooling preservation to human organs was intrinsically limited because of volume-dependent stochastic ice formation at subzero temperatures. However, we recently adapted the rat preservation approach so it could be applied to larger organs. Here, we describe a supercooling protocol that averts freezing of human livers by minimizing air-liquid interfaces as favorable sites of ice nucleation and uses preconditioning with cryoprotective agents to depress the freezing point of the liver tissue. Human livers are homogeneously preconditioned during multiple machine perfusion stages at different temperatures. Including preparation, the protocol takes 31 h to complete. Using this protocol, human livers can be stored free of ice at -4 °C, which substantially extends the ex vivo life of the organ. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed protocol describing how to perform subzero preservation of human organs.
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