ArticleJournal of public health management and practice : JPHMP
American Indian Reservations and COVID-19: Correlates of Early Infection Rates in the Pandemic.
Article in Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Identifying Disparities in Health Outcomes and Mortality for American Indian and Alaska Native Populations Using Tribally Disaggregated Vital Statistics and Health Survey Data.American journal of public health · 2021Pooled it
- Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy Risk, Mental Health, Self-Understanding, and Relational Connections Among Urban Native American Young Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Trial
- The Disproportionate Burden: Health and Economic Outcomes of COVID-19 for Native American Communities.Research square · 2026Article
- Chronic Health Conditions and Uptake of COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination Among Native Americans in Oklahoma in the RADx-UP Consortium.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Health technology design considerations specific to Indigenous Data Sovereignty and implementation science.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on longevity trends and disparities among Native Americans and Whites in the Four Corners States.PloS one · 2026Article
- "Gives us peace of mind for keeping our hands clean": targeted handwashing intervention increases water use and hand hygiene in rural Alaska.International journal of circumpolar health · 2025Article
- An evaluation of a 9th and 10th grade Native American virtual pilot: Utilizing a culturally responsive and Inclusive Science model.Evaluation and program planning · 2025Article
- Developing Indigenous-Centered Healing, Health, and Wellness Frameworks to Strengthen Indigenous Health Systems, Decolonize Public Health, and Achieve Health Equity.American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Modular decentralized water system associated with improved child health and increased in-home water use in remote Alaska Native communities.Journal of water and health · 2025Article
- Disparities in infectious disease-related health care utilization between Medicaid-enrolled American Indians and non-Hispanic Whites-Lessons from the first 16 months of coronavirus disease 2019 and a decade of flu seasons.Health services research · 2025Article
- Indigenous Motherwork in Crisis: Caregiving, Resistance, and Community Survival During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Sex roles · 2025Article
- Analysis of completeness of COVID-19 notification forms among the Indigenous population in the State of Espírito Santo, 2020.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2025Article
- Barriers and unmet needs related to healthcare for American Indian and Alaska Native communities: improving access to specialty care and clinical trials.Frontiers in health services · 2025Review
- Reaffirming Indigenous data sovereignty in New Mexico as a result of COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Diné traditional medicine use and wellbeing among navajo adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- The intersection of social and Indigenous determinants of health for health system strengthening: a scoping review.International journal of circumpolar health · 2024Article
- Recognising the heterogeneity of Indigenous Peoples during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review across Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Spatial nonstationarity and the role of environmental metal exposures on COVID-19 mortality in New Mexico.Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England) · 2024Article
- Healthcare access, attitudes and behaviours among Navajo adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the household and community characteristics most closely associated with variation in COVID-19 incidence on American Indian reservations in the lower 48 states.
designMultivariate analysis with population weights.
settingTwo hundred eighty-seven American Indian Reservations and tribal homelands (in Oklahoma) and, as of April 10, 2020, 861 COVID-19 cases on these reservation lands.
main outcome measuresThe relationship between rate per 1000 individuals of publicly reported COVID-19 cases at the tribal reservation and/or community level and average household characteristics from the 2018 5-Year American Community Survey records.
resultsBy April 10, 2020, in regression analysis, COVID-19 cases were more likely by the proportion of homes lacking indoor plumbing (10.83, P = .001) and were less likely according to the percentage of reservation households that were English-only (-2.43, P = .03). Household overcrowding measures were not statistically significant in this analysis (-6.40, P = .326).
conclusionsFailure to account for the lack of complete indoor plumbing and access to potable water in a pandemic may be an important determinant of the increased incidence of COVID-19 cases. Access to relevant information that is communicated in the language spoken by many reservation residents may play a key role in the spread of COVID-19 in some tribal communities. Household overcrowding does not appear to be associated with COVID-19 infections in our data at the current time. Previous studies have identified household plumbing and overcrowding, and language, as potential pandemic and disease infection risk factors. These risk factors persist. Funding investments in tribal public health and household infrastructure, as delineated in treaties and other agreements, are necessary to protect American Indian communities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.