ArticleFrontiers in immunology2020
Testosterone Protects Against Severe Influenza by Reducing the Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response in the Murine Lung.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biological sex influences immune response to influenza infection in juvenile outbred mice.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Article
- Androgens protect ILC2S from functional suppression during influenza virus infection.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Sexual dimorphism of COVID-19 inspires drug repositioning and host-targeting immunotherapy for viral pneumonia.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Host Factors Potentially Contributing to Increased Susceptibility in Certain Layer Chicken Lines.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Jinxin oral liquid reduced lung inflammation in influenza A virus infected mice through inhibiting NOD-like receptor protein 3 pathway.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025Article
- Transboundary determinants of avian zoonotic infectious diseases: challenges for strengthening research capacity and connecting surveillance networks.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- The Impact of Obesity on the Host-Pathogen Interaction with Influenza Viruses - Novel Insights: Narrative Review.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Review
- Biological Sex and Pregnancy Affect Influenza Pathogenesis and Vaccination.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Article
- Sex chromosome complement and sex steroid signaling underlie sex differences in immunity to respiratory virus infection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Testosterone protects mice against zika virus infection and suppresses the inflammatory response in the brain.iScience · 2022Article
- H7N9 avian influenza virus infection in men is associated with testosterone depletion.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Sex-related susceptibility in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Proposed mechanisms.European journal of pharmacology · 2021Article
- Review
- Early prognosis of respiratory virus shedding in humans.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The Mechanism behind Influenza Virus Cytokine Storm.Viruses · 2021Review
- Testosterone Deficiency Is a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Testosterone in COVID-19 - Foe, Friend or Fatal Victim?European endocrinology · 2020Article
- Pharmacotherapeutic approach toward urological medications and vaccination during COVID-19: a narrative review.Therapeutic advances in urologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza A virus pathogenesis may differ between men and women. The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic resulted in more documented hospitalizations in women compared to men. In this study, we analyzed the impact of male sex hormones on pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus disease outcome. In a murine infection model, we could mimic the clinical findings with female mice undergoing severe and even fatal 2009 H1N1 influenza compared to male mice. Treatment of female mice with testosterone could rescue the majority of mice from lethal influenza. Improved disease outcome in testosterone treated female mice upon 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus infection did not affect virus titers in the lung compared to carrier-treated females. However, reduction in IL-1β cytokine expression levels strongly correlated with reduced lung damage and improved influenza disease outcome in female mice upon testosterone treatment. In contrast, influenza disease outcome was not affected between castrated male mice and non-castrated controls. Here, influenza infection resulted in reduction of testosterone expression in male mice. These findings show that testosterone has protective functions on the influenza infection course. However, 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses seem to have evolved yet unknown mechanisms to reduce testosterone expression in males. These data will support future antiviral strategies to treat influenza taking sex-dependent immunopathologies into consideration.
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