ArticleDrug design, development and therapy2020
Astaxanthin Attenuates Neuroinflammation in Status Epilepticus Rats by Regulating the ATP-P2X7R Signal.
Article in Drug design, development and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Healing from the Ocean: Targeting Shared Mechanisms in Autism and Epilepsy Using Algae-Derived Compounds.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Microglial pathological synaptic pruning in epilepsy: pathophysiology and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Astaxanthin Alleviates Lung Injury by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response, P2X7 Receptor, NF-κB, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 in LPS-Induced Endotoxemia.Environmental toxicology · 2025Article
- Targeting the P2X7 receptor in cerebrovascular diseases: from molecular mechanisms to preclinical therapeutic potential.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- The potential anti-seizure effects of Astaxanthin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers in rat model of status epilepticus.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neuroinflammatory responses and blood-brain barrier injury in chronic alcohol exposure: role of purinergic P2 × 7 Receptor signaling.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- CoQ10 targeted hippocampal ferroptosis in a status epilepticus rat model.Cell and tissue research · 2024Article
- Microglia in radiation-induced brain injury: Cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Neuroinflammatory Responses and Blood-Brain Barrier Injury in Chronic Alcohol Exposure: Role of Purinergic P2X7 Receptor Signaling.Research square · 2024Article
- Modulation of Microglial Function by ATP-Gated P2X7 Receptors: Studies in Rat, Mice and Human.Cells · 2024Review
- Neuroinflammation and status epilepticus: a narrative review unraveling a complex interplay.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Genetic variants of IFIH1 and DHX58 affect the chronicity of hepatitis C in the Chinese Han population.PeerJ · 2023Article
- Pentylenetetrazole preconditioning attenuates severity of status epilepticus induced by lithium-pilocarpine in male rats: evaluation of opioid/NMDA receptors and nitric oxide pathway.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2022Article
- The Putative Role of Astaxanthin in Neuroinflammation Modulation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids.Marine drugs · 2021Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Astaxanthin as a Potential Neurotherapeutic Agent.Marine drugs · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs a life-threatening neurological emergency, status epilepticus (SE) is often refractory to available treatment. Current studies have shown a causal role of neuroinflammation in patients with lower seizure thresholds and driving seizures. The ATP-gated purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is mainly expressed on the microglia, which function as gatekeepers of inflammation. Although emerging evidence has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin (AST) in SE, the associated mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the effects of AST on P2X7R-related inflammation in SE.
methodsSE was induced in rats using lithium-pilocarpine, and AST was administered 1 h after SE induction. Rat microglia were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), AST, ATP, 2,3-O-4-benzoyl-4-benzoyl-ATP (BzATP) and oxidized ATP (oxATP). The Morris water maze, immunohistochemistry, and Nissl staining were performed in rats. Expressions of P2X7R and inflammatory cytokines (such as cycloxygenase-2 (Cox-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) both in rats and microglia. ATP concentration in the microglia was evaluated using ELISA.
resultsThe AST alleviated hippocampal injury and improved cognitive dysfunction induced by SE. AST also effectively inhibited inflammation and downregulated P2X7R expression in both rat brain and microglia. The results also showed that AST reduced the extracellular ATP levels and that P2X7R expression could be increased by extracellular ATP. In addition, BzATP upregulates the expression of P2X7R and inflammatory factors in microglia. Conversely, it downregulates the expression of P2X7R and inflammatory factors.
conclusionOur study suggests that AST attenuated ATP-P2X7R mediated inflammation in SE.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.