Trial reportThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2020
Efficacy of a Spatial Repellent for Control of Malaria in Indonesia: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 59 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Advancing Spatial Repellents for Malaria Control: Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of a Spatial Repellent Under Operational Use in Northern Uganda
Integrating the Guardian Spatial Emanator Within AVENIR II
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents to reduce exposure to mosquito and sand fly vectors and human infection risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review of entomological outcomes and sampling approaches used in the evaluation of cluster randomised controlled trials for malaria vector control products.Malaria journal · 2026Pooled it
- Volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents for preventing mosquito bites: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EBioMedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Effect of a spatial repellent on malaria incidence in an area of western Kenya characterised by high malaria transmission, insecticide resistance, and universal coverage of insecticide treated nets (part of the AEGIS Consortium): a cluster-randomised, controlled trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Mosquito Shield™, a transfluthrin passive emanator, protects against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles gambiae sensu lato in central Benin.Malaria journal · 2024Trial
- A randomized, double-blind placebo-control study assessing the protective efficacy of an odour-based 'push-pull' malaria vector control strategy in reducing human-vector contact.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Use of mobile data collection systems within large-scale epidemiological field trials: findings and lessons-learned from a vector control trial in Iquitos, Peru.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Efficacy of a spatial repellent for control ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Trial
- Impact of a spatial repellent product on Anopheles and non-Anopheles mosquitoes in Sumba, Indonesia.Malaria journal · 2022Trial
- The entomological impact of passive metofluthrin emanators against indoor Aedes aegypti: A randomized field trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Trial
- Essential Oil Composition and Spatial Repellency againstACS omega · 2026Article
- Optimizing the impact of a novel spatial repellent on malaria incidence in Western Kenya.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Zoonotic malaria in Southeast Asia's changing landscapes: vector complexity, challenges, and future strategies.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Experimental hut evaluation of mosquito shield, a transfluthrin spatial emanator, for control of wild pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors in Benin.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to spatial repellent for mosquito control and malaria risk perception in East Sumba, Indonesia.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Community perceptions and acceptance of ivermectin for malaria control on Sumba Island, Indonesia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Odor repellency and neuronal responses of commercial products towards Anopheles mosquitoes.Malaria journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2020
Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A cluster-randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to estimate the protective efficacy (PE) of a spatial repellent (SR) against malaria infection in Sumba, Indonesia. Following radical cure in 1,341 children aged ≥ 6 months to ≤ 5 years in 24 clusters, households were given transfluthrin or placebo passive emanators (devices designed to release vaporized chemical). Monthly blood screening and biweekly human-landing mosquito catches were performed during a 10-month baseline (June 2015-March 2016) and a 24-month intervention period (April 2016-April 2018). Screening detected 164 first-time infections and an accumulative total of 459 infections in 667 subjects in placebo-control households, and 134 first-time and 253 accumulative total infections among 665 subjects in active intervention households. The 24-cluster protective effect of 27.7% and 31.3%, for time to first-event and overall (total new) infections, respectively, was not statistically significant. Purportedly, this was due in part to zero to low incidence in some clusters, undermining the ability to detect a protective effect. Subgroup analysis of 19 clusters where at least one infection occurred during baseline showed 33.3% (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.