SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2020
Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Medication Prescription in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 234 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in survival following acute coronary syndrome with and without standard modifiable risk factors.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2025Pooled it
- Global comparison of the economic costs of coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Differences in Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Incidence and Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery According to Assessment Method and Definition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sex Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment and Screening for Diabetes-Related Complications in Individuals With Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Medication Prescription in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Statin Intolerance: Insights From the CLEAR Outcomes Trial.Clinical cardiology · 2026Trial
- Finerenone Improves Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure With Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction Irrespective of Age: A Prespecified Analysis of FINEARTS-HF.Circulation. Heart failure · 2024Trial
- Improved adherence to statin treatment and differences in results between men and women after pictorial risk communication-a sub-study of the VIPVIZA RCT.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Trial
- Effects of Dapagliflozin in Chronic Kidney Disease Across the Spectrum of Age and by Sex.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Trial
- Sex differences in single and combined cardiovascular medication use.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Gaps in lipid management among high-risk patients without prior MI or stroke: the VESALIUS-REAL global study.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Heart-derived factors and organ cross-talk in settings of health and disease: new knowledge and clinical opportunities for multimorbidity.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Global disparities in realized stroke prevention attributable to antihypertensive treatment: a population-level analysis of 198 countries, 1990-2019.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Health in Women-Across the Lifespan.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Review
- Article
- Care Pathways After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Gender-Based Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Statin therapy and stroke risk in patients with hypercholesterolaemia: a population-based longitudinal study using electronic health records in South London.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Analgesia and Pain in Female and Male Patients After Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Study Under Real-World Conditions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Relationships Between Antihypertensive, Glucose- and Lipid-Lowering Medication Adherence, and Demographic and Clinical Characteristics in American Indian Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background Sex differences in the management of cardiovascular disease have been reported in secondary care. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of systematically investigated sex differences in cardiovascular medication prescription among patients at high risk or with established cardiovascular disease in primary care. Methods and Results PubMed and Embase were searched between 2000 and 2019 for observational studies reporting on the sex-specific prevalence of aspirin, statins, and antihypertensive medication prescription, including beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and diuretics, in primary care. Random effects meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled women-to-men prevalence ratios for each cardiovascular medication prescription. Metaregression models assessed the impact of age and year on the findings. A total of 43 studies were included, involving 2 264 600 participants (28% women) worldwide. Participants' mean age ranged from 51 to 76 years. The pooled prevalence of cardiovascular medication prescription for women was 41% for aspirin, 60% for statins, and 68% for any antihypertensive medications. Corresponding rates for men were 56%, 63%, and 69% respectively. The pooled women-to-men prevalence ratios were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72-0.92) for aspirin, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85-0.95) for statins, and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.95-1.08) for any antihypertensive medications. Women were less likely to be prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (0.85; 95% CI, 0.81-0.89) but more likely with diuretics (1.27; 95% CI, 1.17-1.37). Mean age, mean age difference between the sexes, and year of study had no significant impact on findings. Conclusions Sex differences in the prescription of cardiovascular medication exist among patients at high risk or with established cardiovascular disease in primary care, with a lower prevalence of aspirin, statins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prescription in women and a lower prevalence of diuretics prescription in men.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.