ArticleWorld journal of surgery2020
Morbidity and Mortality of Typhoid Intestinal Perforation Among Children in Sub-Saharan Africa 1995-2019: A Scoping Review.
Article in World journal of surgery, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and immunogenicity of a typhoid conjugate vaccine among children aged 9 months to 12 years in Malawi: a nested substudy of a double-blind, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Trial
- OmpW-mediated sensing of MUC2 GalNAc contributes to the ileal tropism of Salmonella Typhi.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence, anatomic-pathologic findings, and associated factors of nontraumatic ileal perforations among patients with gut perforation: a multicenter cross-sectional study.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Detection of Bacterial Infections and Malaria among Blood Culture-Negative Samples of Hospitalized Febrile Patients from a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Mapping the incidence rate of typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Typhoid intestinal perforation in Francophone Africa, a scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Routine Pediatric Surgical Emergencies: Incidence, Morbidity, and Mortality During the 1st 8000 Days of Life-A Narrative Review.World journal of surgery · 2023Review
- Article
- Characterization of Typhoid Intestinal Perforation in Africa: Results From the Severe Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Using Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines to Prevent Disease, Promote Health Equity, and Counter Drug-Resistant Typhoid Fever.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Taking on Typhoid: Eliminating Typhoid Fever as a Global Health Problem.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The Burden of Typhoid Fever in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Perspective.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2022Review
- Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines: Advancing the Research and Public Health Agendas.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Pathogenicity of Salmonella During Schistosoma-Salmonella Co-infections and the Importance of the Gut Microbiota.Current microbiology · 2021Review
- Ileal Perforation and Psychosis in a 19-Year-Old Haemoglobin SC Patient-A Case Report.Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical AssociationArticle
- Typhoid Intestinal Perforation Prognostic Score in Poor-Resource Settings.Journal of the West African College of SurgeonsArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTyphoid fever incidence and complications, including intestinal perforation, have declined significantly in high-income countries, with mortality rates <1%. However, an estimated 10.9 million cases still occur annually, most in low- and middle-income countries. With the availability of a new typhoid conjugate vaccine licensed for children and recommended by the World Health Organization, understanding severe complications, including associated mortality rates, is essential to inform country-level decisions on introduction of this vaccine. This scoping review summarizes over 20 years of the literature on typhoid intestinal perforation in sub-Saharan Africa.
methodsWe searched EMBASE, PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases for studies reporting mortality rates due to typhoid intestinal perforation in children, under 18 years old, in sub-Saharan Africa published from January 1995 through June 2019.
resultsTwenty-four papers from six countries were included. Reported mortality rates ranged from 4.6-75%, with 16 of the 24 studies between 11 and 30%. Thirteen papers included postoperative morbidity rates, ranging from 16-100%. The most documented complications included surgical site infections, intra-abdominal abscesses, and enterocutaneous fistulas. High mortality rates can be attributed to late presentation to tertiary centers, sepsis and electrolyte abnormalities requiring preoperative resuscitation, prolonged perforation-to-surgery interval, and lack of access to critical care or an intensive care unit postoperatively.
conclusionsCurrent estimates of mortality related to typhoid intestinal perforation among children in sub-Saharan Africa remain unacceptably high. Prevention of typhoid fever is essential to reduce mortality, with the ultimate goal of a comprehensive approach that utilizes vaccination, improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene, and greater access to surgical care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.