ArticleBiological psychiatry2020
Inherited Risk for Autism Through Maternal and Paternal Lineage.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review of autism spectrum disorder databases for the identification of candidate genes.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2025Review
- Observational methods for human studies of transgenerational effects.Epigenetics · 2024Article
- A genome-first study of sex chromosome aneuploidies provides evidence of Y chromosome dosage effects on autism risk.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Family history of psychiatric conditions and development of siblings of children with autism.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2024Article
- Receiving de novo genetic diagnoses for autism with intellectual disability: parents' views of impacts on families' reproductive decisions.Journal of community genetics · 2024Article
- Rare X-linked variants carry predominantly male risk in autism, Tourette syndrome, and ADHD.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Infant feeding practices and autism spectrum disorder in US children aged 2-5 years: the national survey of children's health (NSCH) 2016-2020.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Targeting Shank3 deficiency and paresthesia in autism spectrum disorder: A brief review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Can the "female protective effect" liability threshold model explain sex differences in autism spectrum disorder?Neuron · 2022Review
- Evidence of transgenerational effects on autism spectrum disorder using multigenerational space-time cluster detection.International journal of health geographics · 2022Article
- Emotion processing differences mediate the link between sex and autistic traits in young adulthood.JCPP advances · 2022Article
- The female protective effect against autism spectrum disorder.Cell genomics · 2022Article
- Genomics, convergent neuroscience and progress in understanding autism spectrum disorder.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2022Review
- An investigation of a novel broad autism phenotype: increased facial masculinity among parents of children on the autism spectrum.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Harnessing rare variants in neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopment disorders-a Keystone Symposia report.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2021Review
- Genetic counseling as preventive intervention: toward individual specification of transgenerational autism risk.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2021Article
- Brain function distinguishes female carriers and non-carriers of familial risk for autism.Molecular autism · 2020Article
- The Effect an Stress Assessment-Based Family Coping Model on Caring Behavior of School-Age Children with Autism.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is highly familial, with a positively skewed male-to-female ratio that is purported to arise from the so-called female protective effect. A serious implication of a female protective effect is that familial ASD liability would be expected to aggregate asymptomatically in sisters of affected probands, who would incur elevated rates of ASD among their offspring. Currently, there exist no data on second-generation recurrence rates among families affected by ASD.
methodsWe analyzed data from the Swedish National Patient Register and the Multi-Generation Register for a cohort of children born between 2003 and 2012. ASD was ascertained in both the child and parental generations.
resultsAmong 847,732 children, 13,103 (1.55%) children in the cohort were diagnosed with ASD. Among their maternal/paternal aunts and uncles, 1744 (0.24%) and 1374 (0.18%) were diagnosed with ASD, respectively. Offspring of mothers with a sibling(s) diagnosed with ASD had higher rates of ASD than the general population (relative risk, 3.05; 95% confidence interval, 2.52-3.64), but not more than would be predicted for second-degree relatives within a generation, and only slightly more than was observed for fathers with siblings with ASD (relative risk, 2.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-2.67). Models adjusting for temporal trends and for psychiatric history in the parental generation did not alter the results.
conclusionsThese findings establish a robust general estimate of ASD transmission risk for siblings of individuals affected by ASD, the first ever reported. Our findings do not suggest female protective factors as the principal mechanism underlying the male sex bias in ASD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.