SynthesisCritical care (London, England)2020
Mortality in sepsis and septic shock in Europe, North America and Australia between 2009 and 2019- results from a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Critical care (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06462313 (Director, Head of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Principal Investigator, Professor), which is not on this map. Cited by 479 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Director, Head of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Principal Investigator, Professor
Who cites it
479 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Antimicrobial interventions in multi drug resistance providencia associated infection; a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of Esmolol Versus Landiolol on Mortality in Adult Patients With Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Critical care medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Risk stratification and prognostic outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage among patients with chronic kidney disease: a population-oriented meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Intravenous vitamin C as micronutrient therapy in patients with sepsis or septic shock: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Sepsis mortality prediction using machine learning and deep learning - a systematic review.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Early Warning Systems for Sepsis on Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of vasopressor choice on renal outcomes in septic shock: a systematic review of randomised trials as a guide for future research.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Assessing Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies in Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- The association between integrating echocardiography use in the management of septic shock patients and outcomes in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of ultrasound · 2025Pooled it
- Early norepinephrine for patients with septic shock: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- ADJUNCTIVE VASOPRESSORS AND SHORT-TERM MORTALITY IN ADULTS WITH SEPTIC SHOCK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of hydrocortisone-fludrocortisone combination on mortality in septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infection · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical and Immunologic Effects of Extracorporeal Cytokine Removal in Patients with Septic Shock: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Trial
- Dynamic Changes in Serum Choline Acetyltransferase and Acetylcholinesterase in Septic versus Non-Septic ICU Patients: A Prospective Exploratory Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Trial
- The combined effect of statin and vitamin C in patients with pulmonary septic shock: a single-center, double-blind clinical trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of targeting high mean arterial pressure for older patients with septic shock (OPTPRESS): a multicentre, pragmatic, open-label, randomised controlled trial.Intensive care medicine · 2025Trial
- Early administration of vitamin C in patients with sepsis or septic shock in emergency departments: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial: the C-EASIE trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Lymphopenia and elevated NLR identify patients with septic shock who may benefit from corticosteroids: a target trial emulation study.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Evaluating the generalisability of LiSep LSTM for early prediction of septic shock across US and european cohorts.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Early Immune Phenotype-Guided Immunomodulatory Strategies and Intensive Care Outcomes in Septic Shock: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Observational
419 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSepsis and septic shock remain drivers for mortality in critically ill patients. The heterogeneity of the syndrome hinders the generation of reproducible numbers on mortality risks. Consequently, mortality rates range from 15 to 56%. We aimed to update and extend the existing knowledge from meta-analyses and estimate 30- and 90-day mortality rates for sepsis and septic shock separately, stratify rates by region and study type and assess mortality rates across different sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores.
methodsWe performed a systematic review of articles published in PubMed or in the Cochrane Database, between 2009 and 2019 in English language including interventional and observational studies. A meta-analysis of pooled 28/30- and 90-day mortality rated separately for sepsis and septic shock was done using a random-effects model. Time trends were assessed via Joinpoint methodology and for the assessment of mortality rate over different SOFA scores, and linear regression was applied.
resultsFour thousand five hundred records were identified. After title/abstract screening, 783 articles were assessed in full text for eligibility. Of those, 170 studies were included. Average 30-day septic shock mortality was 34.7% (95% CI 32.6-36.9%), and 90-day septic shock mortality was 38.5% (95% CI 35.4-41.5%). Average 30-day sepsis mortality was 24.4% (95% CI 21.5-27.2%), and 90-day sepsis mortality was 32.2% (95% CI 27.0-37.5%). Estimated mortality rates from RCTs were below prospective and retrospective cohort studies. Rates varied between regions, with 30-day septic shock mortality being 33.7% (95% CI 31.5-35.9) in North America, 32.5% (95% CI 31.7-33.3) in Europe and 26.4% (95% CI 18.1-34.6) in Australia. A statistically significant decrease of 30-day septic shock mortality rate was found between 2009 and 2011, but not after 2011. Per 1-point increase of the average SOFA score, average mortality increased by 1.8-3.3%.
conclusionTrends of lower sepsis and continuous septic shock mortality rates over time and regional disparities indicate a remaining unmet need for improving sepsis management. Further research is needed to investigate how trends in the burden of disease influence mortality rates in sepsis and septic shock at 30- and 90-day mortality over time.
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