ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Assessing Women's Menstruation Concerns and Experiences in Rural India: Development and Validation of a Menstrual Insecurity Measure.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Management of Menstrual Hygiene in Promoting Education Among Adolescent Girls in Enqucwini Education Zone in Mzimba District.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Changes in resource insecurity, sexual and mental health among young women after Kenya's 2024 heavy rains and floods.International health · 2026Article
- Menstrual practice needs scale for the workplace: validation and associations with well-being among adult women in Kathmandu, Nepal and Nairobi, Kenya.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Mixed-methods study to test and assess uptake for gender-specific WASH indicators in Bangladesh: study protocol.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Premenstrual syndrome and its association with exposure to political violence, human insecurity, and well-being: a cross-sectional study among Palestinian adolescent refugees.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Heavy menstrual bleeding and association with menstruation-specific resources: A multinational cross-sectional study in low- and middle-income countries.Health & place · 2025Article
- Linkages of drought and menstrual hygiene practices of adolescent girls and young women: an assessment of 707 districts in India.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a survey instrument for reusable sanitary products toward sustainable menstrual hygiene.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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- Article
- Household sanitation and menstrual hygiene management among women: Evidence from household survey under Swachh Bharat (Clean India) Mission in rural Odisha, India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Effect of a combined household-level piped water and sanitation intervention on reported menstrual hygiene practices and symptoms of urogenital infections in rural Odisha, India.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2022Article
- Women's Cognition and Attitude with Eco-Friendly Menstrual Products by Consumer Lifestyle.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Associations between extreme weather events, resource insecurities, and HIV vulnerabilities with self-reported urinary tract infection symptoms among adolescent girls and young women in Kenya.The journal of climate change and healthArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Qualitative research has documented menstruator's challenges, particularly in water and sanitation poor environments, but quantitative assessment is limited. We created and validated a culturally-grounded measure of Menstrual Insecurity to assess women's menstruation-related concerns and negative experiences. With cross-sectional data from 878 menstruating women in rural Odisha, India, we carried out Exploratory (EFA) and Confirmatory (CFA) Factor Analyses to reduce a 40-item pool and identify and confirm the scale factor structure. A 19-item, five factor model best fit the data (EFA: root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.027; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.994; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 0.989; CFA: RMSEA = 0.058; CFI = 0.937; TLI = 0.925). Sub-scales included: Management, Menstrual Cycle Concerns, Symptoms, Restrictions, and Menstruation-Related Bodily Concerns. Those without access to a functional latrine, enclosed bathing space, water source within their compound, or who used reusable cloth had significantly higher overall Menstrual Insecurity scores (greater insecurity) than those with these facilities or using disposable pads. Post-hoc exploratory analysis found that women reporting experiencing tension at menstrual onset or difficulty doing work had significantly higher Menstrual Insecurity scores. This validated tool is useful for measuring Menstrual Insecurity, assessing health inequities and correlates of Menstrual Insecurity, and informing program design.
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