ArticleContemporary clinical trials communications2020
Primary Palliative Care for Emergency Medicine (PRIM-ER): Applying form and function to a theory-based complex intervention.
Article in Contemporary clinical trials communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mobile crisis effectiveness: a systematic review and associated functions and forms framework.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- Nurses Training and Capacitation for Palliative Care in Emergency Units: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2020Pooled it
- Palliative Care Initiated in the Emergency Department: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA · 2025Trial
- Adapting a Complex Health Intervention Guided by the Core Functions and Form Model: A Methodology and Case Example of Participatory Adaptation.Research square · 2026Article
- Optimization of a group-based intervention for people living with severe obesity (PROGROUP): Understanding fidelity to delivery and the patient experience.British journal of health psychology · 2026Article
- Adapting a complex health intervention guided by the core functions and forms model: a methodology and case example of participatory adaptation.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- Using FRAME Documentation to Achieve RE-AIM Goals During Iterative, Stakeholder-Engaged Refinement of a Family Management Intervention for Parents of Preterm Infants.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Article
- Healthy days at home and prognosis of older adults with cancer and non-cancer serious life-limiting illnesses.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Acute Care Use and Prognosis in Older Adults Presenting to the Emergency Department.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2025Article
- Emergency Nurses' Perceived Barriers and Solutions to Engaging Patients With Life-Limiting Illnesses in Serious Illness Conversations: A United States Multicenter Mixed-Method Analysis.Journal of emergency nursing · 2024Article
- Emergency Providers' Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Hospice and Palliative Care: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Across 35 Emergency Departments in the United States.Journal of palliative medicine · 2023Observational
- Potential bias and lack of generalizability in electronic health record data: reflections on health equity from the National Institutes of Health Pragmatic Trials Collaboratory.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2023Article
- The core functions and forms paradigm throughout EPIS: designing and implementing an evidence-based practice with function fidelity.Frontiers in health services · 2023Article
- Fidelity, Feasibility and Adaptation of a Family Planning Intervention for Young Women in Zimbabwe: Provider Perspectives and Experiences.Global implementation research and applications · 2023Article
- Enhancing the use of EHR systems for pragmatic embedded research: lessons from the NIH Health Care Systems Research Collaboratory.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2021Article
- Adapting interventions to new contexts-the ADAPT guidance.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2021Article
- Improving Comparative Effectiveness Research of Complex Health Interventions: Standards from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI).Journal of general internal medicine · 2020Review
- Two Dutch Examples of Acute Geriatric Community Hospitals for Older Adults: A Comparative Process Evaluation.International journal of integrated careArticle
- Intervention Activities and Implementation Strategies for School-Based Health Promotion: Identifying Core Functions and Forms to Facilitate Scale-up of an Effective Intervention.Implementation research and practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEmergency departments are seeing an increase in acute exacerbations of chronic disease in the older-adult population. The delivery of palliative care in the emergency department can increase goal-concordant care at the end-of-life for this population. New interventions in palliative care for emergency medicine require large, pragmatic, complex health interventions due to the heterogeneous and dynamic environment of emergency departments. These complex interventions must balance fidelity with adaptability, while being rooted in theory, to produce an intervention that can be applied in a variety of contexts.
methodsPrimary Palliative Care for Emergency Medicine (PRIM-ER) is a large, pragmatic, complex health intervention. This paper outlines the conceptual theory-based design as well as the study form and functions of PRIM-ER to exemplify how this complex intervention has balanced fidelity with adaptability.
resultsA form and function matrix was created to highlight the key objectives and tailored intervention components of PRIM-ER. Each intervention component was also linked to one or more elements of the Theory of Planned Behavior to support provider behavior change and the delivery of palliative care services and referrals.
conclusionThe application of theory and delineation of forms and functions, as well prospective adaptation monitoring of large complex interventions can support the balance of fidelity with adaptability to encourage successful interventions among a variety of clinical environments.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.