ArticleJournal of pain research2020
Sex and Gender are Not the Same: Why Identity Is Important for People Living with HIV and Chronic Pain.
Article in Journal of pain research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Beyond disability: how being twice-marginalized shapes the experiences of STEM undergraduates with disabilities.Journal of microbiology & biology education · 2026Article
- Understanding risk and protective factors for pain and healthy aging: an intersectional and resilience-based perspective.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Beyond Gender Binarism: Implications of Sex-Gender Diversity for Health Equity.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Identifying Psychosocial, Self-Management, and Health Profiles Among Women With Chronic Pain Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence and Those Who Have Not: Protocol for a 2-Phase Qualitative and Cross-Sectional Study Using AI Techniques.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Social Determinants and Consequences of Pain: Toward Multilevel, Intersectional, and Life Course Perspectives.The journal of pain · 2024Review
- Gender Diversity Among Youth Attending an Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment Program.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2024Article
- Article
- Within and Beyond the Binary: Sex and Gender Differences in Pain and Alcohol Use Disorder.Current addiction reports · 2024Article
- Pain mechanisms in the transgender individual: a review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Psychological/behavioral interventions for emerging adults with chronic pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Patient-Reported Wait Times and the Impact of Living with Chronic Pain on their Quality of Life: A Waiting Room Survey in Chronic Pain Clinics in Ontario, Manitoba, and Quebec.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2024Article
- A retrospective review of psychosocial correlates of chronic pain in cisgender, transgender, and gender-diverse youth receiving evaluation in interdisciplinary pediatric pain clinics.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2024Article
- Global Prevalence of Chronic Pain in Women with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Sex-specific biobehavioral regulation of persistent inflammatory pain by alcohol.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- Occupation as a gendered-role and outcome in systemic sclerosis.Journal of scleroderma and related disorders · 2023Article
- Article
- Making Pain Research More Inclusive: Why and How.The journal of pain · 2022Review
- Relationship between diet and relative risk of pain in a cross-sectional analysis of the REGARDS longitudinal study.Pain management · 2022Article
- Racial Differences in 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D and Self-Reported Pain Severity in a Sample of Individuals Living with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain.Journal of pain research · 2022Article
- Alcohol amplifies cingulate cortex signaling and facilitates immobilization-induced hyperalgesia in female rats.Neuroscience letters · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSex differences in pain sensitivity have been well documented, such that women often report greater sensitivity than men. However, clinical reports highlighting sex differences often equate gender and sex. This is a particularly critical oversight for those whose gender identity is different than their genetic sex.
methodsThis preliminary study sets to analyze differences in pain responses between cisgender and transgender individuals living with HIV and chronic pain. A total of 51 African-American participants (24 cisgender men, 20 cisgender women, 7 transgender women) with similar socioeconomic status were recruited. Genetic sex, gender identity, depression and anxiety, pain severity, pain interference and pain-related stigma were recorded. Participants also completed a quantitative sensory testing battery to assess pain in response to noxious heat and mechanical stimuli.
resultsTransgender women and cisgender women demonstrated a greater magnitude of temporal summation for heat pain stimuli or mechanical stimuli compared to cisgender men. Specifically, transgender women reported greater mechanical summation than either cisgender women or cisgender men. Transgender women and cisgender women similarly reported greater chronic pain severity compared to cisgender men.
conclusionThese data support the notion that gender identity may play a more significant role in pain sensation than genetic sex. These results further maintain that not only gender identity and genetic sex are distinct variables but that treatment should be based on identity as opposed to genetic sex.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.