SynthesisEuropean journal of pediatrics2020
Association of initial empirical antibiotic therapy with increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.
Synthesis in European journal of pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association between antibiotic exposure and adverse outcomes of children and pregnant women: evidence from an umbrella review.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023Pooled it
- Presepsin for the Diagnosis of Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical Characteristics of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Diagnosed by Independent Adjudication of Abdominal Radiographs, Laparotomy, or Autopsy in Preterm Infants in the "Connection Trial".American journal of perinatology · 2025Trial
- Gut dysbiosis modulates hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia by promoting EMT through activating TLR4/NF-κB pathway.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Association of early probiotic exposure with age at NEC onset in preterm Infants: A retrospective multicenter study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants Caused byInfection & chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Association between initial empirical antibiotic therapy and necrotizing enterocolitis in very preterm infants at different risk for early-onset sepsis: a multicenter cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Observational
- Mortality risk factors in actively resuscitated 22-week preterm infants: a case-control study focusing on NEC and maternal hospitalization.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Hydrostatic low-volume enemas in infants with birth weight ≤1000 g or gestational age ≤28 weeks: A controlled interventional study.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Article
- Determinants of survival in extremely preterm infants born at 22-23 weeks: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Prevention Strategies and Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Current treatment options in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Advancing necrotizing enterocolitis prediction through iterative monitoring.Translational pediatrics · 2024Article
- Clinical Dilemma Involving Treatments for Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants and the Potential Risk of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Narrative Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Development of the Neonatal Intestinal Barrier, Microbiome, and Susceptibility to NEC.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- A case of necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term infant on his first day of life-Early presentation with multifactorial etiology.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
- The impact of early empirical antibiotics treatment on clinical outcome of very preterm infants: a nationwide multicentre study in China.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Increased antibiotic exposure in early life is associated with adverse outcomes in very low birth weight infants.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2022Article
- Interventions for Promoting Meconium Passage in Very Preterm Infants-A Survey of Current Practice at Tertiary Neonatal Centers in Germany.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- [Effect of improvement in antibiotic use strategy on the short-term clinical outcome of preterm infants with a gestational age of <35 weeks].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2022Article
- Fetal-neonatal exposure to antibiotics and NEC development: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Whether the prophylactic use of antibiotics increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains controversial. This review aims to investigate initial empirical antibiotic therapy (IEAT) and is associated with the risk of NEC. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched through March 1, 2020. All studies on the impacts of antibiotic exposure on NEC development were included. Thirteen studies including 7901 participants were selected. Two reviewers independently examined the extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies. Random-effects model was used to pool the effect estimates. We found that IEAT (≥ 5 days) was associated with an increased risk of NEC in adjusted (Odds risk [OR] 1.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.87) and unadjusted (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.54-3.57) analyses. Sensitivity analysis also supported these findings.Conclusion: The evidence suggests an association between IEAT (≥ 5 days) and the risk of NEC. Further studies are needed to address whether the association with IEAT is causal.What is Known:•Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is acute inflammatory necrosis of the intestinal tractin the newborn infant.•Some observational studies have associated initial empirical antibiotics with an increased risk of subsequent NEC.What is New:•Initial empirical antibiotic therapy (IEAT) (≥ 5 days) appear to increase the risk of NEC.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.