ArticleCurrent microbiology2020
Cloacal Gram-Negative Microbiota in Free-Living Grass Snake Natrix natrix from Poland.
Article in Current microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-brumation yeast mycobiota in Vipera berus (European adder): clinically relevant Candida parapsilosis oral dominance and diverse fecal communities compared with warmer-region snakes.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- From Bacterial Diversity to Zoonotic Risk: Characterization of Snake-AssociatedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Microorganisms in wild European reptiles: bridging gaps in neglected conditions to inform disease ecology research.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Review
- Lipid metabolism and microbial regulation analyses provide insights into the energy-saving strategies of hibernating snakes.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Zoonotic bacteria in invasive California Kingsnake Lampropeltis californiae from Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.PloS one · 2025Article
- Virulence factors of Salmonella spp. isolated from free-living grass snakes Natrix natrix.Environmental microbiology reports · 2024Article
- Review
- Pathogenic Potential of Opportunistic Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from the Cloacal Microbiota of Free-Living Reptile Hosts Originating from Bulgaria.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An extremely rare serovar of Salmonella enterica (Yopougon) discovered in a Western Whip Snake (Hierophis viridiflavus) from Montecristo Island, Italy: case report and review.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Differences in the luminal and mucosal gut microbiomes and metabolomes of oriental rat snake (Ptyas mucosus).Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Zoonotic potential and prevalence ofInfection ecology & epidemiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Reptiles appear to be an important vector for Gram-negative pathogens, therefore, they are epidemiologically relevant. However, the composition of reptilian microbiota has been poorly recognized so far. The majority of studies concern exotic reptiles as asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella serovars. Studies of other intestinal bacteria of reptiles are rare. Only recently, the microbiota of free-living European reptiles have been investigated, however, on the basis of small samples, mainly in protected areas. Here, we aim to investigate cloacal Gram-negative microbiota of free-living Natrix natrix. Snakes (N = 45) used in the study were collected in Kraków (Poland) and its vicinity. Nineteen species of Gram-negative bacteria were isolated. The most common species were: Aeromonas hydrophila, Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella spp. The bacteria prevalent in N. natrix cloacal swabs are likely to represent the natural intestinal Gram-negative microbiota of the examined snakes. Importantly, the identified bacteria are pathogenic to humans, which clearly highlights the epidemiological potential of free-living N. natrix. The risk of infection is high for immunocompromised humans, children (under 5 years old), elderly persons, and pregnant women. Our study provides the largest dataset on intestinal Gram-negative microbiota of wild snakes. The presence of multiple human pathogens determined by us calls for the necessity of further studies on reptile-transmitted bacteria in anthropogenic environments.
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