Trial reportActa neurochirurgica2020
Monitor-based exoscopic 3D4k neurosurgical interventions: a two-phase prospective-randomized clinical evaluation of a novel hybrid device.
Trial report in Acta neurochirurgica, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is the 3D exoscope better than the surgical microscope in parotid surgery: a prospective, randomized single-center study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Trial
- Exoscope-Associated Upper-Limb Rather than Neck Postural Changes During Frontal Sinus Procedures in Bifrontal Craniotomies.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Clinical validation of 4K three-dimensional exoscope system in stapedotomy: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Comparing the ergonomic aspects of the exoscope and microscope in neurosurgery using motion sensors.Brain & spine · 2026Article
- Exoscope-Assisted Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review From Basic to Complex Pathologies.Cureus · 2025Review
- Comparison of operative microscope and exoscope for execution of microanastomoses on an artificial model.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Exoscope-assisted spine surgery: Current applications and future directions-A short review.World neurosurgery: X · 2025Review
- Exoscope-assisted spine surgery: Current applications and future directions.World neurosurgery: X · 2024Review
- From Microscopic to Exoscopic Microsurgery: Are We Facing a Change of Paradigm?Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Exoscopic Microsurgery: A Change of Paradigm in Brain Tumor Surgery? Comparison with Standard Operative Microscope.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Beyond Magnification and Illumination: Ergonomics with a 3D Exoscope in Lumbar Spine Microsurgery to Reduce Musculoskeletal Injuries.Orthopaedic surgery · 2023Article
- 3D Exoscopes in Experimental Microanastomosis: A Comparison of Different Systems.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Exoscope and operative microscope for training in microneurosurgery: A laboratory investigation on a model of cranial approach.Frontiers in surgery · 2023Article
- Three-dimensional High-definition Exoscope in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Orthopaedic surgery · 2023Article
- Preliminary Clinical Surgical Experience with Temporary Simultaneous Use of an Endoscope during Exoscopic Neurosurgery: An Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Surgeon's comfort: The ergonomics of a robotic exoscope using a head-mounted display.Brain & spine · 2022Article
- Midline suboccipital approach to a vertebral artery-posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm from the rostral end of the patient using ORBEYE.Surgical neurology international · 2022Article
- The Exoscope in Neurosurgery: An Overview of the Current Literature of Intraoperative Use in Brain and Spine Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Three-dimensional high-definition exoscope (Kestrel View II) in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a valid alternative to operative microscope-assisted surgery.Acta neurochirurgica · 2021Article
- Surgical advances in the management of brain metastases.Neuro-oncology advances · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPromoting a disruptive innovation in microsurgery, exoscopes promise alleviation of physical strain and improved image quality through digital visualization during microneurosurgical interventions. This study investigates the impact of a novel 3D4k hybrid exoscope (i.e., combining digital and optical visualization) on surgical performance and team workflow in preclinical and clinical neurosurgical settings.
methodsA pre-clinical workshop setting has been developed to assess usability and implementability through skill-based scenarios (neurosurgical participants n = 12). An intraoperative exploration in head and spine surgery (n = 9) and a randomized clinical study comparing ocular and monitor mode in supratentorial brain tumor cases (n = 20) followed within 12 months. Setup, procedure, case characteristics, surgical performance, and user experience have been analyzed for both ocular group (OG) and monitor group (MG).
resultsBrain tumor cases using frontal, frontoparietal, or temporal approaches have been identified as favorable use cases for introducing exoscopic neurosurgery. Mean monitor distance and angle were 180 cm and 10°. Surgical ergonomics when sitting improved significantly in MG compared with OG (P = .03). Hand-eye coordination required familiarization in MG. Preclinical data showed a positive correlation between lateral camera inclination and impact on hand-eye coordination (r
conclusionsThe hybrid exoscopic device can be integrated into established neurosurgical workflows. Currently, exoscopic interventions seem most suited for cranial tumor surgery in lesions that are not deep-seated. Ergonomics improve in monitor mode compared to conventional microsurgery.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.