ArticleNature immunology2020
Alveolar macrophages are epigenetically altered after inflammation, leading to long-term lung immunoparalysis.
Article in Nature immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 161 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
161 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 244 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Monocytes in pneumonia: Functional plasticity and innate memory (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- ICU-acquired pneumonia beyond pathogen detection.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Alveolar Macrophages: Development, Respiratory Homeostasis, Signal Pathways, Diseases, and Therapeutic Opportunities.MedComm · 2026Review
- CLEC-1 promotes early IFN response in cDC1s and favors immune dysregulation during sepsis in mice.iScience · 2026Article
- Diverging in Vivo Immune Response Patterns After Oral Food Challenge in Peanut Allergic Adults.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- Functional immune changes are conserved in COVID-19 and trauma patients receiving intensive care.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Alterations of the host-lung microbiome metasystem in systemic inflammatory response syndrome is associated with secondary pneumonia.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Perioperative Dexamethasone Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Aseptic Revision Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.Arthroplasty today · 2026Article
- Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Identification of a robust metabolic signature associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia and response to interferon-gamma treatment in critically ill patients.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Observational
- Immunology of Sepsis.Clinics in chest medicine · 2026Review
- Bench-to-Bedside Insights into the Challenges of Immunosuppression in Sepsis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- PRC1 promotes immunosuppressive macrophages in sepsis via β-catenin/STAT3 signaling.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- A gene-expression module identifies circulating immune cells with enhanced recruitment to sites of inflammation.iScience · 2026Article
- Helping alveolar macrophages live to fight another day during viral pneumonia.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Recent perspectives on macrophage memory: types, mechanisms, and characteristics in pulmonary diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Macrophages on demand: How tissue trauma shapes their role.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Review
- Segmented filamentous bacteria reprogramming of alveolar macrophages limits postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia.Science immunology · 2026Article
- Hyperglycemia- induced innate immune tolerance involves the metabolic and epigenetic rewiring in human alveolar macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
101 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sepsis and trauma cause inflammation and elevated susceptibility to hospital-acquired pneumonia. As phagocytosis by macrophages plays a critical role in the control of bacteria, we investigated the phagocytic activity of macrophages after resolution of inflammation. After resolution of primary pneumonia, murine alveolar macrophages (AMs) exhibited poor phagocytic capacity for several weeks. These paralyzed AMs developed from resident AMs that underwent an epigenetic program of tolerogenic training. Such adaptation was not induced by direct encounter of the pathogen but by secondary immunosuppressive signals established locally upon resolution of primary infection. Signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) played a critical role in the establishment of the microenvironment that induced tolerogenic training. In humans with systemic inflammation, AMs and also circulating monocytes still displayed alterations consistent with reprogramming six months after resolution of inflammation. Antibody blockade of SIRPα restored phagocytosis in monocytes of critically ill patients in vitro, which suggests a potential strategy to prevent hospital-acquired pneumonia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.