ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2020
Association of dairy consumption with metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes in 147 812 individuals from 21 countries.
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- A narrative review of nutritional components, health effects, and disease prevention mechanisms of dairy products.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Consumption of Dairy Products and the Risk of Overweight or Obesity, Hypertension, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Quality of Evidence of the Association of Foods and Nutrients With Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Dairy Consumption and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Results from Korean Population and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Dairy Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Older Adults: Insights From the Baseline Phase of the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Dietary protein intake in relation to metabolic syndrome reversion: findings from the Tehran lipid and glucose study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- C17:0, rather than C15:0, drives the protective association of odd-chain saturated fatty acids with metabolic syndrome: mediation and joint effect evidence.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Nonfat Milk Supplementation Mitigates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in an Early Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease C57BL/6N Mouse Model.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Associations of abdominal obesity-related dietary patterns with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: exploring the mediating effects of body composition and altitude in Tibetan adults.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Effects of supplementing bile acids on the production performance, fatty acid and bile acid composition, and gut microbiota in transition dairy cows.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Article
- The Genetic Characteristics of FT-MIRS-Predicted Milk Fatty Acids in Chinese Holstein Cows.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Cow's Milk Bioactive Molecules in the Regulation of Glucose Homeostasis in Human and Animal Studies.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Therapeutic Potential of the Specific Intestinal Microbiome (SIM) Diet on Metabolic Diseases.Biology · 2024Review
- The relationship between fermented and nonfermented dairy products consumption and hypertension among premature coronary artery disease patients: Iran premature coronary artery disease study.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- The association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults, a cross-sectional population-based study (findings from Bandare-Kong non-communicable disease cohort study).BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
40 authors at 20 institutions in 19 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveOur aims were to assess the association of dairy intake with prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (cross-sectionally) and with incident hypertension and incident diabetes (prospectively) in a large multinational cohort study.
methodsThe Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a prospective epidemiological study of individuals aged 35 and 70 years from 21 countries on five continents, with a median follow-up of 9.1 years. In the
resultsIn cross-sectional analysis, higher intake of total dairy (at least two servings/day compared with zero intake; OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.80, p-trend<0.0001) was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS after multivariable adjustment. Higher intakes of whole fat dairy consumed alone (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.78, p-trend<0.0001), or consumed jointly with low fat dairy (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.98, p-trend=0.0005), were associated with a lower MetS prevalence. Low fat dairy consumed alone was not associated with MetS (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.38, p-trend=0.13). In prospective analysis, 13 640 people with incident hypertension and 5351 people with incident diabetes were recorded. Higher intake of total dairy (at least two servings/day vs zero serving/day) was associated with a lower incidence of hypertension (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97, p-trend=0.02) and diabetes (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.02, p-trend=0.01). Directionally similar associations were found for whole fat dairy versus each outcome.
conclusionsHigher intake of whole fat (but not low fat) dairy was associated with a
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.