SynthesisOphthalmology. Retina2020
Progression of Unifocal versus Multifocal Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Ophthalmology. Retina, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term natural history of visual acuity in eyes with choroideremia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from 1004 individual eyes.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2021Pooled it
- Determinants of Four-Year Visual Acuity Loss in Geographic Atrophy: An Analysis of Age-Related Eye Disease Study and Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2.Ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Local Progression Kinetics of Geographic Atrophy Depends Upon the Border Location.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Trial
- Relationship of Topographic Distribution of Geographic Atrophy to Visual Acuity in Nonexudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2021Trial
- Intereye Correlation in Bilateral Geographic Atrophy: Morphology and Growth Rates in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- A Novel Pixel-Based Spatial Modeling Framework for Mapping At-Risk Retina in Geographic Atrophy Progression.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Hyperreflective Choroidal Foci Characterization Supports the Existence of Different Clinical Phenotypes of Geographic Atrophy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Histologic Photoreceptor and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Degeneration in an Eye With Clinically Documented Geographic Atrophy of AMD.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Choroidal Vascular Findings in a Case of Multifocal Geographic Atrophy: A Clinicopathologic Correlation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Patient-reported visual difficulties associated with geographic atrophy from age-related macular degeneration.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- [Progression assessment for geographic atrophy].Die Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Geographic atrophy in Asia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Assessing structure - Function relationships in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Experimental eye research · 2025Review
- Long-Term Natural History of Treatment-Naïve Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Observational
- Fundus Autofluorescence Variation in Geographic Atrophy of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Clinicopathologic Correlation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Measuring Geographic Atrophy Area Using Column-Based Machine Learning Software on Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography versus Fundus Auto Fluorescence.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Classification and Growth Rate of Chorioretinal Atrophy after Voretigene Neparvovec-Rzyl for RPE65-Mediated Retinal Degeneration.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2024Article
- Treating patients with geographic atrophy: are we there yet?International journal of retina and vitreous · 2023Review
- Future perspectives for treating patients with geographic atrophy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- Perspectives from clinical trials: is geographic atrophy one disease?Eye (London, England) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
topicDetermining the natural history of unifocal versus multifocal geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to nonexudative age-related macular degeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The association between GA focality (i.e., unifocal vs. multifocal lesions) and enlargement rate is inconsistent in the literature. Some studies report a comparable growth rate between unifocal and multifocal GA, whereas others suggest the growth rate varies widely between the 2 groups.
methodsWe searched 5 literature databases up to May 3, 2019, for studies that classified treatment-naïve GA patients based on lesion focality. We performed a random effects meta-analysis to determine the growth rates of GA. To account for different entry times among cohorts, we introduced a horizontal translation factor to the dataset of each cohort. Heterogeneity and study quality were assessed using the I
resultsWe included 12 studies with 3489 eyes from 3001 patients. After the introduction of translation factors, the effective radius of unifocal and multifocal GA enlarged linearly over approximately 7 years. The effective radius growth rate of multifocal GA (0.199±0.012 mm/year) was 46.3% higher than the growth rate of unifocal GA (0.136±0.008 mm/year; P < 0.001). Interestingly, unifocal and multifocal GA lesions with the same total baseline area grew at vastly different rates, with an estimated ratio of the growth rate as 1.46 (between 2 and 3). This difference disappeared after we accounted for different baseline total perimeters between unifocal and multifocal groups. The measured GA growth rate was consistent across studies using color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, or OCT (P = 0.35-0.99).
conclusionsThe effective radius of GA enlarges linearly and steadily over time in both unifocal and multifocal GA. The lesion focality is a significant prognostic factor for the GA effective radius growth rate. We propose that the growth rate of GA area is directly proportional to the total lesion perimeter (a measure of the number of retinal pigment epithelium cells exposed at the lesion border). Additional studies are needed to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying this relationship.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.