ArticlePublic health nutrition2020
The association of parenting practices with toddlers' dietary intake and BMI, and the moderating role of general parenting and child temperament.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Toddler dietary patterns from the INSIGHT randomized clinical trial comparing responsive parenting versus control: A latent class analysis.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Trial
- Exploring Changes in Parental Feeding Practices With Young Children Over Time and Their Influence on Young Children's Vegetable Consumption.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Associations of food parenting practices in early childhood with dietary intake, BMI, and weight status in young adulthood: the KOALA Birth Cohort Study.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
- Vegetable-Related Parenting Practices, Parenting Style and Preschoolers' Vegetable Consumption: Cross-Sectional Associations and the Moderating Role of Parenting Style.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Maternal feeding practices and its association with obesity in children: a cross-sectional study in Iran.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- The Associations between Caregivers' Emotional and Instrumental Feeding, Children's Emotional Eating, and Children's Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Maternal feeding practices and toddlers' fruit and vegetable consumption: results from the DIT-Coombe Hospital birth cohort in Ireland.Nutrition journal · 2021Article
- Associations between Children's Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity, Infant's Appetite and Parental Feeding Practices in Toddlerhood.Nutrients · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe objective was to examine the association between parenting practices, toddler's dietary intake and BMI. In addition, potential moderation of these associations by general parenting and child temperament was examined.
designThe current cross-sectional study assessed parenting practices using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire, general parenting using the Comprehensive General Parenting Questionnaire, child temperament using the Child Behavior Check List, and children's dietary intake through parental questionnaires. Children's weight and length were objectively measured to determine BMI z-scores. Associations were examined using multiple linear regression analyses. Moderation was examined using interaction terms.
settingHome setting.
participants393 Dutch toddlers (age 1-3 years) and their parents recruited through fifty childcare centres and preschools in the Netherlands.
resultsVarious practices were related to children's diet and BMI. For instance, the availability of healthy foods is the most important predictor of healthy dietary intake (e.g. β = -0·35 for sweets; β = 0·18 for fruit). The association of availability with a healthier diet was strongest when parents scored low on the positive parenting style dimensions, including nurturance, structure and/or behavioural control. In addition, it seemed that a high availability of healthy foods and low availability of unhealthy foods is especially beneficial for children showing withdrawal/depressive, anxious or overactive behaviour, while encouraging balance and variety is not beneficial for these children. All other practices were related to children's diet and/or BMI as well.
conclusionsThe findings underline the importance of viewing the impact of parenting practices in the context of general parenting and child temperament.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.