Associations Between Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Use, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

1. A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Using Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) or Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) on Mortality, Severity, and Healthcare Resource Utilization in Patients with COVID-19.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2025
   Pooled it
2. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical outcomes of ACEI/ARB in East-Asian patients with COVID-19.PloS one · 2023
   Pooled it
3. Meta-analysis of the association between angiotensin pathway inhibitors and COVID-19 severity and mortality.Systematic reviews · 2021
   Pooled it
4. The Interplay Between the Immune System, the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), and RAAS Inhibitors May Modulate the Outcome of COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021
   Pooled it
5. Safety and Efficacy of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in COVID-19 Population.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2021
   Pooled it
6. Comparison of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors with other antihypertensives in association with coronavirus disease-19 clinical outcomes.BMC infectious diseases · 2021
   Pooled it
7. Comparison of infection risks and clinical outcomes in patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 lung infection under renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade: Systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021
   Pooled it
8. Lack of association of antihypertensive drugs with the risk and severity of COVID-19: A meta-analysis.Journal of cardiology · 2021
   Pooled it
9. Does taking an angiotensin inhibitor increase the risk for COVID-19? - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Aging · 2021
   Pooled it
10. Antibiotic prescribing in patients with COVID-19: rapid review and meta-analysis.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2021
    Pooled it
11. Association Between Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2021
    Pooled it
12. Associations Between the Use of Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors and the Risks of Severe COVID-19 and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients With Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021
    Pooled it
13. Mortality and Severity in COVID-19 Patients on ACEIs and ARBs-A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2021
    Pooled it
14. Use of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system in hypertensive patients and COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics · 2020
    Pooled it
15. Mortality and Disease Severity Among COVID-19 Patients Receiving Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2020
    Pooled it
16. Effects of ACEI and ARB on COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis.Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS
    Pooled it
17. Intestinal microbiota by angiotensin receptor blocker therapy exerts protective effects against hypertensive damages.iMeta · 2024
    Article
18. COVID-19-induced gastrointestinal autonomic dysfunction: A systematic review.World journal of clinical cases · 2023
    Article
19. The spike effect of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines on blood pressure.European journal of internal medicine · 2023
    Review
20. Correlation of Gastrointestinal Symptoms at Initial Presentation with Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Results from a Large Health System in the Southern USA.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022
    Article

Corrections and comments

• Commented on by
  COVID-19, ACEI/ARBs, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms: The Jury Is Still Out on the Association.2021
• Commented on by
  Reply.2021

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

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