Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32421194›Full record

Observational studyClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021

Progress Towards Elimination of Hepatitis C Infection Among People Who Inject Drugs in Australia: The ETHOS Engage Study.

Heather Valerio, Maryam Alavi, David Silk, Carla Treloar, Marianne Martinello, Andrew Milat, Adrian Dunlop, Jo Holden, Charles Henderson, Janaki Amin and 9 more

Open access · greenAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection and Treatment Initiation Following Dried Blood Spot Testing in New South Wales, Australia.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026
    Observational
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  11. Decrease in active hepatitis C infection among people who use drugs in Madrid, Spain, 2017 to 2023: a retrospective study.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.

Heather ValerioThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-8608-2558
Maryam AlaviThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
David SilkThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Carla TreloarCentre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Marianne MartinelloThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Andrew MilatCentre for Epidemiology and Evidence, NSW Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Adrian DunlopCentre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute and University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Jo HoldenPopulation Health Strategy and Performance, NSW Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Charles HendersonNSW Users and AIDS Association, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Janaki AminThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Phillip ReadThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Philippa MarksThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Louisa DegenhardtNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Jeremy HayllarAlcohol and Drug Service, Metro North Mental Health, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
David ReidThe Orana Centre, Illawarra Shoalhaven LHD, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Carla GortonCairns Sexual Health Service, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
Thao LamDrug Health, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Gregory J DoreThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Jason GrebelyThe Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-1833-2017
UNSW Sydney · AUCairns Hospital · AUHunter Medical Research Institute · AUIllawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District · AUMetro South Health · AUNational Association of People with HIV Australia · AUNew South Wales Department of Health · AUSydney Local Health District · AUThe University of Sydney · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEvaluating progress towards hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination is critical. This study estimated prevalence of current HCV infection and HCV treatment uptake among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Australia.

methodsThe Enhancing Treatment of Hepatitis C in Opioid Substitution Settings Engage is an observational study of PWID attending drug treatment clinics and needle and syringe programs (NSPs). Participants completed a questionnaire including self-reported treatment history and underwent point-of-care HCV RNA testing (Xpert HCV Viral Load Fingerstick; Cepheid).

resultsBetween May 2018 and September 2019, 1443 participants were enrolled (64% injected drugs in the last month, 74% receiving opioid agonist therapy [OAT]). HCV infection status was uninfected (28%), spontaneous clearance (16%), treatment-induced clearance (32%), and current infection (24%). Current HCV was more likely among people who were homeless (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-2.16), incarcerated in the previous year (2.04; 1.38-3.02), and those injecting drugs daily or more (2.26; 1.43-2.42). Among those with previous chronic or current HCV, 66% (n = 520/788) reported HCV treatment. In adjusted analysis, HCV treatment was lower among females (.68; .48-.95), participants who were homeless (.59; .38-.96), and those injecting daily or more (.51; .31-.89). People aged ≥45 years (1.46; 1.06-2.01) and people receiving OAT (2.62; 1.52-4.51) were more likely to report HCV treatment.

conclusionsUnrestricted direct-acting antiviral therapy access in Australia has yielded high treatment uptake among PWID attending drug treatment and NSPs, with a marked decline in HCV prevalence. To achieve elimination, PWID with greater marginalization may require additional support and tailored strategies to enhance treatment.

Indexed as

Hepatitis CHepatitis C, ChronicPharmaceutical PreparationsSubstance Abuse, IntravenousAntiviral AgentsAustraliaFemaleHumansOpiate Substitution TreatmentAntiviral AgentsPharmaceutical Preparationsdirect-acting antiviralshepatitis C eliminationhepatitis C viruspeople who inject drugs

Identifiers

PMID32421194
PMCPMC8246809
OpenAlexW3027264454

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.