ArticleHeliyon2020
A thermodynamic insight into viral infections: do viruses in a lytic cycle hijack cell metabolism due to their low Gibbs energy?
Article in Heliyon, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pilot Assessment of RNA Stabilization Methods for Influenza A Virus in Swine Oral Fluids.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Viral infections: The Biothermodynamics Point of View.Iranian journal of biotechnology · 2026Article
- Assessment of entropy accumulation in human subjects when exposed to low energy availability.Heliyon · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 strain wars continues: Chemical and thermodynamic characterization of live matter and biosynthesis of Omicron BN.1, CH.1.1 and XBC variants.Microbial risk analysis · 2023Article
- Ghosts of the past: Elemental composition, biosynthesis reactions and thermodynamic properties of Zeta P.2, Eta B.1.525, Theta P.3, Kappa B.1.617.1, Iota B.1.526, Lambda C.37 and Mu B.1.621 variants of SARS-CoV-2.Microbial risk analysis · 2023Article
- Article
- The SARS-CoV-2 Hydra, a tiny monster from the 21st century: Thermodynamics of the BA.5.2 and BF.7 variants.Microbial risk analysis · 2023Article
- Never ending story? Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 monitored through Gibbs energies of biosynthesis and antigen-receptor binding of Omicron BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB and XBB.1 variants.Microbial risk analysis · 2023Article
- Review
- Beyond COVID-19: Do biothermodynamic properties allow predicting the future evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants?Microbial risk analysis · 2022Article
- Why doesn't Ebola virus cause pandemics like SARS-CoV-2?Microbial risk analysis · 2022Article
- Strain wars 5: Gibbs energies of binding of BA.1 through BA.4 variants of SARS-CoV-2.Microbial risk analysis · 2022Article
- Strain wars 3: Differences in infectivity and pathogenicity between Delta and Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 can be explained by thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding and growth.Microbial risk analysis · 2022Article
- Strain Wars: Competitive interactions between SARS-CoV-2 strains are explained by Gibbs energy of antigen-receptor binding.Microbial risk analysis · 2022Article
- Phase transitions may explain why SARS-CoV-2 spreads so fast and why new variants are spreading faster.Physica A · 2022Article
- Strain wars 2: Binding constants, enthalpies, entropies, Gibbs energies and rates of binding of SARS-CoV-2 variants.Virology · 2022Article
- Article
- Coinfection and Interference Phenomena Are the Results of Multiple Thermodynamic Competitive Interactions.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Standard Thermodynamic Properties, Biosynthesis Rates, and the Driving Force of Growth of Five Agricultural Plants.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- ROS/RNS Balancing, Aerobic Fermentation Regulation and Cell Cycle Control - a Complex Early Trait ('CoV-MAC-TED') for Combating SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cell Reprogramming.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
After adsorption and penetration, a virus hijacks a cell's metabolic machinery and uses it as a medium for its reproduction and growth through multiplication. Growth is competitive, since the same precursors and machinery are used by both the virus and its host cell. But what drives a virus to perform its life cycle more efficiently than its host? Gibbs energy represents the driving force for all chemical reactions in nature. Therefore, hypothetically Gibbs energy of growth can represent the driving force of viral lytic cycle. After chemical characterization of 17 viruses and their hosts, in this paper, growth reactions were suggested, and enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy of both formation and growth were calculated. By comparing the Gibbs energy of growth of viruses and their hosts, it has been found that a virus always has a more negative Gibbs free energy of growth than its host implying that synthesis of viral components is more thermodynamically favorable. Thus, it seems that the physical laws explain observed biological phenomena - the hijack of host life machinery and high efficiency of virus growth.
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