Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32420446›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)2020

The influence of diversity on the measurement of functional impairment: An international validation of the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire in eight countries.

Mark A Dubbelman, Merike Verrijp, David Facal, Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides, Laura J E Brown, Wiesje M van der Flier, Hanna Jokinen, Athene Lee, Iracema Leroi, Cristina Lojo-Seoane and 11 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Everyday functioning in young onset dementia: differences between diagnostic groups.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Generating real-world evidence in Alzheimer's disease: Considerations for establishing a core dataset.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024
    Article
  9. Outcome measures for Alzheimer's disease: A global inter-societal Delphi consensus.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Mark A DubbelmanAlzheimer Center Amsterdam Department of Neurology Amsterdam Neuroscience Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands.
Merike VerrijpAlzheimer Center Amsterdam Department of Neurology Amsterdam Neuroscience Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands.
David FacalDepartment of Developmental Psychology University of Santiago de Compostela A Coruña Spain.
Gonzalo Sánchez-BenavidesBarcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) Pasqual Maragall Foundation Barcelona Spain.
Laura J E BrownFaculty of Biology Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester Academic Science Centre Manchester UK.
Wiesje M van der FlierAlzheimer Center Amsterdam Department of Neurology Amsterdam Neuroscience Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands.
Hanna JokinenClinical Neurosciences Neurology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.
Athene LeeButler Hospital Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence Rhode Island.
Iracema LeroiFaculty of Biology Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester Academic Science Centre Manchester UK.
Cristina Lojo-SeoaneDepartment of Developmental Psychology University of Santiago de Compostela A Coruña Spain.
Vuk MiloševićClinic of Neurology Clinical Center Niš Niš Serbia.
José Luís MolinuevoBarcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC) Pasqual Maragall Foundation Barcelona Spain.
Arturo X Pereiro RozasDepartment of Developmental Psychology University of Santiago de Compostela A Coruña Spain.
Craig RitchieUniversity of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.
Stephen SallowayButler Hospital Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence Rhode Island.
Gemma StringerFaculty of Biology Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester Academic Science Centre Manchester UK.
Stelios ZygourisSchool of Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece.
Bruno DuboisDepartment of Neurology Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) of the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital & ARAMIS Sorbonne University Inria de Paris Institut du cerveau et de lamoelle épinière (ICM) Paris France.
Stéphane EpelbaumDepartment of Neurology Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) of the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital & ARAMIS Sorbonne University Inria de Paris Institut du cerveau et de lamoelle épinière (ICM) Paris France.
Philip ScheltensAlzheimer Center Amsterdam Department of Neurology Amsterdam Neuroscience Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands.
Sietske A M SikkesAlzheimer Center Amsterdam Department of Neurology Amsterdam Neuroscience Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands.

Funding

Tracking and Evaluation CoreU54GM115677 · NIGMS · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI ROUNDS, SHARON IRENE SMITH · 2016 to 2025
$45.0M
NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115677The Dunhill Medical Trust R380R/1114
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTo understand the potential influence of diversity on the measurement of functional impairment in dementia, we aimed to investigate possible bias caused by age, gender, education, and cultural differences.

methodsA total of 3571 individuals (67.1 ± 9.5 years old, 44.7% female) from The Netherlands, Spain, France, United States, United Kingdom, Greece, Serbia, and Finland were included. Functional impairment was measured using the Amsterdam Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Questionnaire. Item bias was assessed using differential item functioning (DIF) analysis.

resultsThere were some differences in activity endorsement. A few items showed statistically significant DIF. However, there was no evidence of meaningful item bias: Effect sizes were low (Δ DISCUSSION: The results imply a limited bias for age, gender, education, and culture in the measurement of functional impairment. This study provides an important step in recognizing the potential influence of diversity on primary outcomes in dementia research.

Indexed as

Alzheimer's diseasecross‐cultural validationdementiadifferential item functioningdiversityfunctional declineinstrumental activities of daily livingitem response theory

Identifiers

PMID32420446
PMCPMC7219786

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.