ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2020
Probiotic Use and Safety in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Matched Cohort Study.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04977817 (A Prospective/Retrospective Chart Review of the Effects of a Probiotic Dietary Supplement on Days of Total Parenteral Nutrition in Two Neonatal Intensive Care Units), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective/Retrospective Chart Review of the Effects of a Probiotic Dietary Supplement on Days of Total Parenteral Nutrition in Two Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Probiotic Supplementation for Neonatal Jaundice: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Pooled it
- Supplementation of Probiotics in Pregnant Women Targeting Group B Streptococcus Colonization: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Prophylactic Probiotic Supplementation for Preterm Neonates-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Nonrandomized Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Enteral Feeding Interventions in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Probiotic-Associated Invasive Infection Among Preterm Infants.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Probiotics and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants after the food and drug administration warning actions.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Synergistic regulation of gut microbiota and metabolites by breast milk and probiotics in the prevention of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: mechanisms and prospects.Translational pediatrics · 2026Review
- A Review of Probiotic Interventions for Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Sepsis in Preterm Infants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Consequences of host-microbiome interactions in preterm infants.Infection and immunity · 2025Review
- Probiotics and the Risk of Infection.Clinics in perinatology · 2025Review
- Addressing the silent threat: managing invasiveFrontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Invasive Candida Infections in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Risk Factors and New Insights in Prevention.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Influence of infant microbiome on health and development.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2024Article
- Probiotics and Postbiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotics: An Emphasis on Pigs.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effects of prophylactic probiotics supplementation on infants born very preterm or very low birth weight.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- The Gut-Liver Axis in Pediatric Liver Health and Disease.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Early-life microbiota-immune homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Current and future methods of probiotic therapy for necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Article
- The center-effect on outcomes for infants born at less than 25 weeks.Seminars in perinatology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the prevalence of probiotic administration in infants born preterm over time, as well as the association between probiotic administration and select adverse outcomes. STUDY
designWe performed a multicenter cohort study of infants 23-29 weeks of gestational age admitted to 289 neonatal intensive care units from 1997 to 2016. We evaluated the type of probiotics given and prevalence of exposure to probiotics over time and by site. We matched infants exposed to probiotics by several factors to unexposed infants receiving enteral feeds on the same postnatal day. We performed conditional logistic regression to evaluate the association between probiotics exposure and adverse outcomes, including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), bloodstream infections, meningitis, and death.
resultsOf 78 076 infants, 3626 (4.6%) received probiotics. Probiotic use increased over the study period and varied among neonatal intensive care units. We matched 2178 infants exposed to probiotics to 33 807 without exposure. Probiotic administration was associated with a decrease in NEC (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48-0.80) and death (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.39-0.70), an increase in Candida infection (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.29-3.85), but no increase in bloodstream infection (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.70-1.05) or meningitis (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.40-3.46).
conclusionsProbiotic use increased over time and was associated with decreased odds of NEC and death. Prospective, randomized-controlled studies of specific probiotic products are needed to further investigate the safety and efficacy of probiotics in preterm infants.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.