SynthesisClinical rheumatology2020
Comparative effect of allopurinol and febuxostat on long-term renal outcomes in patients with hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Clinical rheumatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevention of kidney function decline using uric acid-lowering therapy in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Allopurinol on Uric Acid and Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Severity in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Analysis of the efficacy of multidisciplinary integration based on 3D reconstruction technology for the treatment of gout stone.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Bibliometric and visual assessment of research trends in the management of hyperuricemia (HUA).Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- The efficacy of a low-dose combination of febuxostat and benzbromarone versus each drug used alone for the treatment of gout.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Mechanism of flavonoids in the treatment of gouty arthritis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2024Review
- Using intravoxel incoherent motion imaging to evaluate uric acid-induced renal injury and efficacy after treatment.The British journal of radiology · 2024Article
- Review
- ProbioticiScience · 2022Article
- Enhancement of oral bioavailability and anti-hyperuricemic activity of aloe emodin via novel Soluplus®-glycyrrhizic acid mixed micelle system.Drug delivery and translational research · 2022Article
- 3Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Article
- Febuxostat Improves Uric Acid Levels and Renal Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Hyperuricemia: A Meta-Analysis.Applied bionics and biomechanics · 2022Article
- Risk factors and management of hyperuricemia after renal transplantation.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Review
- Effect of hyperuricemia treatment on chronic kidney disease.Clinical rheumatology · 2021Article
- Treating Hyperuricemia: The Last Word Hasn't Been Said Yet.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Hyperuricemia, urate-lowering therapy, and kidney outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2021Article
- Effectiveness of Drug Treatments for Lowering Uric Acid on Renal Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Hyperuricemia: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Hyperuricemia, the heart, and the kidneys - to treat or not to treat?Renal failure · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more likely to develop hyperuricemia and gout. Allopurinol and febuxostat are the most commonly used urate-lowering therapies with established safety and efficacy in CKD patients. The objective of the systematic review is to assess the long-term renal outcomes of allopurinol compared with febuxostat in patients with hyperuricemia and CKD or kidney transplantation. PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched from inception to December 2019 using the key terms "allopurinol," "febuxostat," "xanthine oxidase inhibitors," "gout suppressants," "hyperuricemia," "gout," "chronic renal insufficiency," and "kidney transplantation." Studies with follow-up duration ≥ 12 months were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Three retrospective observational studies with follow-up duration ranging from 1 to 5 years were reviewed. Febuxostat patients had a significantly higher estimated glomerular filtration rate, reduced risk for renal disease progression, and reduced serum uric acid levels compared with allopurinol patients. All studies had a serious risk of bias. Febuxostat may be more renoprotective than allopurinol in patients with both hyperuricemia and CKD based on evidence from small long-term retrospective studies with serious risk of bias. More methodologically rigorous studies are needed to determine the clinical applicability of these results.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.