ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2020
Effect of Mentally Challenging Occupations on Incident Dementia Differs Between African Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Education, Occupational Complexity, and Incident Dementia: A COSMIC Collaborative Cohort Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2022Pooled it
- Job sector and occupational complexity influence on late-life cognitive function among men.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- Occupational position and complexity in relation to Black-White cognitive disparities.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Social determinants of dementia: A scoping review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Physical and mental demands of work associated with dementia risk in later life.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Exposure to neighborhood concentrated poverty is associated with faster decline in episodic memory among midlife women.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Cognitive Health Disparities by Race and Ethnicity: The Role of Occupational Complexity and Occupational Status.Work, aging and retirement · 2025Article
- Perceived but not objective measures of neighborhood safety and food environments are associated with longitudinal changes in processing speed among urban older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- "Hang Ups, Let Downs, Bad Breaks, Setbacks": Impact of Structural Socioeconomic Racism and Resilience on Cognitive Change Over Time for Persons Racialized as Black.Health equity · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEngaging in mentally challenging activities may protect against dementia in late life. However, little is known whether the association between mentally challenging activities and dementia risk varies with race/ethnicity.
objectiveThe current study investigates whether having jobs with higher mental stimulation is differentially associated with a decreased risk of dementia between African Americans (AAs) and non-Hispanic Whites (nHWs).
methodsThe sample consisted of 1,079 individuals (66% nHWs, 28% AAs; age = 78.6±5.3) from the longitudinal Einstein Aging Study. Occupation information of each participant was collected retrospectively at baseline and was linked to the substantive complexity of work score from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations of occupational complexity with risk of dementia.
resultsIndividuals whose jobs had moderate-to-high levels of complexity, compared to those with the lowest complexity, were at modestly decreased risk for incident dementia. When stratified by race, moderate-to-high levels of occupational complexity were significantly associated with lower risk of developing dementia for AAs (HR = 0.35). When risk of dementia was evaluated based on the combinations of race×occupational complexity, AAs with lowest occupational complexity showed the highest risk of developing dementia, while other combinations exhibited lower risk of developing dementia (HRs = 0.36~0.43).
conclusionOur results suggest that moderate-to-high levels of complexity at work are associated with a decreased risk of incident dementia in AAs. Understanding the differential effects of mentally challenging occupations across race/ethnicity may suggest important intervention strategies that could mitigate racial disparities in dementia rates.
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