ReviewPharmacology & therapeutics2020
Modeling epileptic spasms during infancy: Are we heading for the treatment yet?
Review in Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes following resective and disconnective strategies in the treatment of epileptic spasms: a systematic review of the literature and individual patient data meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Complete lesion resection and early surgical intervention are favorable factors for long-term seizure freedom in drug-resistant epileptic spasms.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Prediction of treatment response in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome using EEG phase-amplitude coupling.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
- Targeting CRHR1 Signaling in Experimental Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome: Evidence for Route-Dependent Efficacy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: Mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict prognostic outcomes in infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prenatal betamethasone-postnatal N-methyl-D-aspartic acid model of spasms: Update on mechanisms and treatments.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- New insights into epileptic spasm generation and treatment from the TTX animal model.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- Association of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and adrenocorticotropic hormone therapeutic response in patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of ACTH therapy in treating infantile epileptic spasm syndrome and its effect on Kramer score.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Infantile Spasms in Pediatric Down Syndrome: Potential Mechanisms Driving Therapeutic Considerations.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Genetic Advancements in Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome and Opportunities for Precision Medicine.Genes · 2024Review
- Treatment modalities for infantile spasms: current considerations and evolving strategies in clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Review
- Epileptic spasms in infancy: Transferring rat prenatal betamethasone-postnatal NMDA model to mice.Neuroscience letters · 2023Article
- Whole-Genome Sequencing Among Kazakhstani Children with Early-Onset Epilepsy Revealed New Gene Variants and Phenotypic Variability.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- An Epilepsy-Associated Mutation of Salt-Inducible Kinase 1 Increases the Susceptibility to Epileptic Seizures and Interferes with Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Therapy for Infantile Spasms in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- 2-deoxyglucose and β-hydroxybutyrate fail to attenuate seizures in the betamethasone-NMDA model of infantile spasms.Epilepsia open · 2022Article
- Efficacy of Ketogenic Diet for Infantile Spasms in Chinese Patients With or Without Monogenic Etiology.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Using the TTX Model to Better Understand the Pathophysiology of a DREADDed Epilepsy-Infantile (Epileptic) Spasms.Epilepsy currentsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Infantile spasms (IS or epileptic spasms during infancy) were first described by Dr. William James West (aka West syndrome) in his own son in 1841. While rare by definition (occurring in 1 per 3200-3400 live births), IS represent a major social and treatment burden. The etiology of IS varies - there are many (>200) different known pathologies resulting in IS and still in about one third of cases there is no obvious reason. With the advancement of genetic analysis, role of certain genes (such as ARX or CDKL5 and others) in IS appears to be important. Current treatment strategies with incomplete efficacy and serious potential adverse effects include adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), corticosteroids (prednisone, prednisolone) and vigabatrin, more recently also a combination of hormones and vigabatrin. Second line treatments include pyridoxine (vitamin B6) and ketogenic diet. Additional treatment approaches use rapamycin, cannabidiol, valproic acid and other anti-seizure medications. Efficacy of these second line medications is variable but usually inferior to hormonal treatments and vigabatrin. Thus, new and effective models of this devastating condition are required for the search of additional treatment options as well as for better understanding the mechanisms of IS. Currently, eight models of IS are reviewed along with the ideas and mechanisms behind these models, drugs tested using the models and their efficacy and usefulness. Etiological variety of IS is somewhat reflected in the variety of the models. However, it seems that for finding precise personalized approaches, this variety is necessary as there is no "one-size-fits-all" approach possible for both IS in particular and epilepsy in general.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.