ArticleVaccine2020
Human monkeypox - After 40 years, an unintended consequence of smallpox eradication.
Article in Vaccine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 169 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
169 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 320 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of human immunodeficiency virus coinfection on mpox patients during the 2022 global outbreak: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on comparative observational studies.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Global epidemiology, viral evolution, and public health responses: a systematic review on Mpox (1958-2024).Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Equivalence of freeze-dried and liquid-frozen formulations of MVA-BN as smallpox and mpox vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- An experimentally validated structure-based computational framework for humanisation of anti-orthopoxvirus antibodies.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Mpox emergence, epidemiology, biology, clinical features and control.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Durability of the Humoral Response to MPXV Infection.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Review
- Portable Detection of Monkeypox virus Clades using Bridging LAMP.Research square · 2026Article
- Monkeypox (Mpox), a Resurging Global Public Health Concern: An Updated Outlook Through 2025.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- An Emerging Global Threat After The COVID-19 Pandemic: Monkeypox Similarities and Differences.Polish journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- The mpox epidemic is not over: Reducing disproportionate burden in Africa and persistent global risk require a sustained response.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Comparative humoral profiles in mpox cases, survivors, and vaccinated individuals reveal correlates of protection against MPXV.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and vaccination challenges in the PPR pre-eradication era: Identifying gaps and potential unintended consequences.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025Article
- First imported cases of MPXV Clade Ib from Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Role of Genomic, Economic, and Demographic Disparities in Mpox Epidemic in Africa: A Retrospective Cross-Country Analysis.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Article
- Drug screen reveals new potent host-targeted antivirals against Mpox virus.Research square · 2025Article
- Drug screen reveals new potent host-targeted antivirals against Mpox virus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Laundry Practices in Eliminating Mpox Virus From Fabrics.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Research prioritisation in preparedness for and response to outbreaks of high-consequence pathogens: a scoping review.BMC medicine · 2025Article
109 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 15 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smallpox eradication, coordinated by the WHO and certified 40 years ago, led to the cessation of routine smallpox vaccination in most countries. It is estimated that over 70% of the world's population is no longer protected against smallpox, and through cross-immunity, to closely related orthopox viruses such as monkeypox. Monkeypox is now a re-emerging disease. Monkeypox is endemic in as yet unconfirmed animal reservoirs in sub-Saharan Africa, while its human epidemiology appears to be changing. Monkeypox in small animals imported from Ghana as exotic pets was at the origin of an outbreak of human monkeypox in the USA in 2003. Travellers infected in Nigeria were at the origin of monkeypox cases in the UK in 2018 and 2019, Israel in 2018 and Singapore in2019. Together with sporadic reports of human infections with other orthopox viruses, these facts invite speculation that emergent or re-emergent human monkeypox might fill the epidemiological niche vacated by smallpox. An ad-hoc and unofficial group of interested experts met to consider these issues at Chatham House, London in June 2019, in order to review available data and identify monkeypox-related research gaps. Gaps identified by the experts included:The experts further agreed on the need for a better understanding of the genomic evolution and changing epidemiology of orthopox viruses, the usefulness of in-field genomic diagnostics, and the best disease control strategies, including the possibility of vaccination with new generation non-replicating smallpox vaccines and treatment with recently developed antivirals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.