ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2020
Phenotypic characterization of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Maltese dogs.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotypic features of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Dachshund dogs: 62 cases (2017-2025).Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Presumptive paroxysmal dyskinesia in 41 dogs: is the diet change enough?Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Canine paroxysmal dyskinesia: distribution of etiological subtypes and structural and reactive causes in a retrospective tertiary care cohort.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Grain-Free Diets for Dogs and Cats: An Updated Review Focusing on Nutritional Effects and Health Considerations.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Suspected paroxysmal dyskinesia in four small-breed dogs: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and prognosis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Canine paroxysmal dyskinesia-a review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Very-Low-Frequency Spike-Wave Complex Partial Motor Seizure Mimicking Canine Idiopathic Head Tremor Syndrome in a Dog.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Emotional Arousal Impacts Physical Health in Dogs: A Review of Factors Influencing Arousal, with Exemplary Case and Framework.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Long-term nutritional management of an obese German Spitz with paroxysmal dyskinesia, calcium oxalate urolithiasis, and suspected pancreatitis-A case report.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Clinical characterization of epileptic seizures in Pomeranians with idiopathic epilepsy or epilepsy of unknown cause.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Article
- Phenotypic characterisation of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Sphynx cats.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2022Article
- A knockout mutation associated with juvenile paroxysmal dyskinesia in Markiesje dogs indicates SOD1 pleiotropy.Human genetics · 2021Article
- International veterinary canine dyskinesia task force ECVN consensus statement: Terminology and classification.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Levetiracetam-responsive paroxysmal exertional dyskinesia in a Welsh Terrier.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Clinical features of muscle cramp in 14 dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2021Article
- Mitochondrial PCK2 Missense Variant in Shetland Sheepdogs with Paroxysmal Exercise-Induced Dyskinesia (PED).Genes · 2020Article
- Phenotypic characterization of paroxysmal dyskinesia in Maltese dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2020Article
- Clinical characterization of a novel episodic ataxia in young working Cocker Spaniels.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundParoxysmal dyskinesias (PDs) are a group of central nervous system diseases characterized by episodes of abnormal involuntary hyperkinetic movement without altered consciousness that increasingly have been recognized in dogs.
objectivesTo present the phenotypical characterization, treatment, and outcome of a PD observed in Maltese dogs. ANIMALS: Client-owned Maltese dogs (n = 19) with presumed diagnosis of PD.
methodsData were collected retrospectively from medical records (2014-2019), and supporting information was added prospectively by using a questionnaire directed to the owners of the affected dogs.
resultsThe episodes were characterized mainly by sudden dystonia of ≥1 limbs and generalized body tremors with preserved consciousness. The mean age of clinical onset was 5.4 years. Episode frequency varied widely both among and within individuals. Median episode duration was 4.5 minutes. Most episodes were stress- or exercise-induced. Acetazolamide was administered to 6 dogs, and 4 dogs experienced a decrease in episode frequency. In 7 dogs that received a gluten-free diet, 6 dogs became episode-free. In 4 dogs, the episodes stopped spontaneously and in 2 dogs no medication or specific diet was given and the episodes continued at the same frequency. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Given the breed predisposition and regional distribution of the disease, additional research should focus on elucidating the underlying genetic cause doing so might advance both our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of this disease, not only in dogs, but also in humans. Regardless of the treatment protocol selected, prognosis appears fair to good.
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