ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2020
Association Between Childhood Green Space, Genetic Liability, and the Incidence of Schizophrenia.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Greenspace exposure and associated health outcomes: a systematic review of reviews.F1000Research · 2024Pooled it
- Life Course Nature Exposure and Mental Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Future Directions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Schizophrenia: from mechanism to therapy.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Effects of climate and air pollution on rates of hospitalization for affective mood disorders in southern Brazil.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nonlinear associations and threshold effects between built environment features and schizophrenia incidence: Implications for healthy city planning.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- A systematic review investigating the relationship between green and blue spaces and depression in older adults via DNA methylation.Environmental epigenetics · 2026Review
- Effect of green space in the workplace on hearing thresholds in noise exposed population.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Urban mental health: a position paper of the European psychiatric association.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Review
- Perspectives on environment and health research in Denmark.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Green spaces exposure and the risk of common psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- "Urban-Satellite" estimates in the ABCD Study: Linking Neuroimaging and Mental Health to Satellite Imagery Measurements of Macro Environmental Factors.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Current methodologies of greenspace exposure and mental health research-a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Urbanicity and psychotic disorders: Facts and hypotheses.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2023Review
- Neighbourhood characteristics and the treated incidence rate of borderline personality pathology among young people.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Community indicators for mental health in Europe: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- The Self and Its Nature: A Psychopathological Perspective on the Risk-Reducing Effects of Environmental Green Space for Psychosis.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Childhood exposure to green space has previously been associated with lower risk of developing schizophrenia later in life. It is unclear whether this association is mediated by genetic liability or whether the 2 risk factors work additively. Here, we investigate possible gene-environment associations with the hazard ratio (HR) of schizophrenia by combining (1) an estimate of childhood exposure to residential-level green space based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from Landsat satellite images, with (2) genetic liability estimates based on polygenic risk scores for 19 746 genotyped individuals from the Danish iPSYCH sample. We used information from the Danish registers of health, residential address, and socioeconomic status to adjust HR estimates for established confounders, ie, parents' socioeconomic status, and family history of mental illness. The adjusted HRs show that growing up surrounded by the highest compared to the lowest decile of NDVI was associated with a 0.52-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40 to 0.66) lower schizophrenia risk, and children with the highest polygenic risk score had a 1.24-fold (95% CI: 1.18 to 1.30) higher schizophrenia risk. We found that NDVI explained 1.45% (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.90) of the variance on the liability scale, while polygenic risk score for schizophrenia explained 1.01% (95% CI: 0.77 to 1.46). Together they explained 2.40% (95% CI: 1.99 to 3.07) with no indication of a gene-environment interaction (P = .29). Our results suggest that risk of schizophrenia is associated additively with green space exposure and genetic liability, and provide no support for an environment-gene interaction between NDVI and schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.