Observational studyGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2020
Structural imaging of conjunctival filtering blebs in XEN gel implantation and trabeculectomy: a confocal and anterior segment optical coherence tomography study.
Observational study in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bleb characteristics following minimally invasive bleb surgeries in relation to surgical success using the anterior segment optical coherence tomography - a systematic review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Pooled it
- Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography After Bleb Forming Glaucoma Surgeries: A Systematic Review.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Fighting Bleb Fibrosis After Glaucoma Surgery: Updated Focus on Key Players and Novel Targets for Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Update on XEN Gel Stent: A Narrative Review on Indications, Surgical Technique, and Postoperative Management.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Longitudinal analysis of XEN45 gel stent bleb morphology using bleb grading scales, anterior segment-OCT, in vivo confocal microscopy, and impression cytology.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Outcomes of Hypotony After Trabeculectomy Management with Autologous Blood Injection: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- A deep learning approach to investigate the filtration bleb functionality after glaucoma surgery: a preliminary study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Factors Correlated With Mid-Term Morphology of Functional Blebs Following Implantation of Preserflo MicroShunt Using AS-OCT.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Bleb Morphology on Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography after XEN Gel Stent Implantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Effectiveness and Safety of Xen Gel Stent in Glaucoma Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- A Comparative Analysis of Morphology and Dimensions of Functional Blebs following PRESERFLO-Microshunt and XEN-Gel-Stent, a Study Using Anterior Segment OCT.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- [Bleb morphology using optical coherence tomography : After primary implantation of XEN gel stent and open conjunctival revision].Die Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Safety and Efficacy of Ab Interno XEN 45 Gel Stent in Patients with Glaucoma and High Myopia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in Different Types of Dry Eye and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Bleb Analysis Using Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography and Surgical Predictors of XEN Gel Stent.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss in Patients After Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery: Current Perspectives.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Review
- XEN Glaucoma Implant for the Management of Glaucoma in Naïve Patients versus Patients with Previous Glaucoma Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Confocal Microscopy and Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Ocular Surface and Bleb Morphology in Medically and Surgically Treated Glaucoma Patients: A Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- XEN Glaucoma Implant for the Management of Operated Uncontrolled Glaucoma: Results and Complications during a Long-Term Follow-Up.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- XEN gel implant with or without phacoemulsification for glaucoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo describe and compare the conjunctival filtering bleb features after XEN gel implantation and trabeculectomy using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).
methodsFifty-two patients who underwent completely successful trabeculectomy (24 eyes) or completely successful XEN gel implantation (28 eyes) were consecutively enrolled. At the sixth-month follow-up, filtering blebs were analyzed with AS-OCT and IVCM. The main outcomes were the following: (i) bleb-wall epithelium cyst-like structure density and area (BECSD, BSCSA), (ii) bleb-wall sub-epithelium cyst-like structure density and area (BSCSD, BSCSA,), (iii) bleb-wall thickness (BT), (iv) bleb-wall epithelial thickness (BET), (v) bleb-wall reflectivity (BR), and (vi) bleb height (BH), for AS-OCT. Mean microcyst density (MMD) and area (MMA) and stromal meshwork reflectivity (SMR) were the IVCM outcomes.
resultsSix-month intraocular pressure was 11.46 ± 3.09 and 10.06 ± 3.39 mmHg in the XEN gel implantation and trabeculectomy, respectively (p > 0.05). At AS-OCT, XEN gel blebs showed lower BH, BT, BET, BR, (p < 0.001), and BECSA values (p < 0.005), and a higher BECSD (p < 0.05) compared with trabeculectomy blebs. At IVCM, MMA and SMR values were lower in the XEN gel implantation, compared with trabeculectomy (p < 0.05). BECSD and BSCSD negatively correlated with BR (p < 0.01; r = - 0.110; p < 0.01; r = - 0.249), whereas BR strongly correlated with SMR (p < 0.001; r = 0.819).
conclusionSuccessful filtering blebs after XEN gel implantation appeared flatter and thinner, with a higher number of epithelial cysts and a hypo-reflective bleb wall compared with trabeculectomy. These aspects may depend on the different intra-operative tissue manipulation and/or on different aqueous humor dynamics in the sub-conjunctiva between surgeries.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.