ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2021
Do Implicit and Explicit Racial Biases Influence Autism Identification and Stigma? An Implicit Association Test Study.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Do Autistic People's Support Needs and Non-Autistic People's Support for the Neurodiversity Movement Contribute to Heightened Autism Stigma in South Korea vs. the US?Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2023Trial
- The Impact of Metaphoric Language Intervention on Psychological Perceptions of Students with Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Structural, Institutional, and Interpersonal Racism: Calling for Equity in Autism Research and Practice.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Exploring Factors of Diagnostic Timing Among Black Autistic Youth.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Ethnic Group Differences in the Timing of Autism Diagnosis, Intellectual Disability, and Educational Placement of Autistic Children in Singapore.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Barriers to Healthcare for Latinx Autistic Children and Adolescents.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Caregiver Perceptions of Social Communication and Interaction: Development and Validation of the SCIPS.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Rethinking self-identification in neurodivergent communities: barriers, harms, and the need for change.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neurodivergence, intersectionality, and eating disorders: a lived experience-led narrative review.Journal of eating disorders · 2024Review
- Factors Associated with Caregivers' Decisions to Pursue a Diagnostic Evaluation After a Positive Autism Screen in Primary Care.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- The effect of autism phenotype and diagnosis disclosure on students' desire for social distance from autistic peers.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2024Article
- First things first: An exploration of the effects of psychoeducation for older autistic adults.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2024Article
- Black and White Adults' Racial and Gender Stereotypes of Psychopathology Symptoms in Black and White Children.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Screening, Diagnosis, and Intervention for Autism: Experiences of Black and Multiracial Families Seeking Care.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Less Negative Implicit Attitudes Toward Autism Spectrum Disorder in University Students: A Comparison with Physical Disabilities.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Right amygdala and caudate activation patterns predict implicit attitudes toward people with autism spectrum disorders and physical disabilities, respectively.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Autism, thy name is man: Exploring implicit and explicit gender bias in autism perceptions.PloS one · 2023Article
- The importance of disability representation to address implicit bias in the workplace.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2023Article
- Sensory features in autism: Findings from a large population-based surveillance system.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Are implicit and explicit biases related to ASD identification and/or stigma? College students (N = 493) completed two IATs assessing implicit stigma and racial biases. They evaluated vignettes depicting a child with ASD or conduct disorder (CD) paired with a photo of a Black or White child. CD was more implicitly and explicitly stigmatized than ASD. Accurately identifying ASD was associated with reduced explicit stigma; identifying CD led to more stigma. Participants who identified as White implicitly associated the White child with ASD and the Black child with CD. A trend in the reverse direction was observed among Black participants. Implicit and explicit biases were unrelated. Findings highlight a need for trainings to ameliorate biases favoring one's in-group.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.