ReviewJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology2020
Smooth or Risky Revisit of an Old Malaria Drug for COVID-19?
Review in Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the long-term hydroxychloroquine's effects on COVID-19 outcomes in patients with autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as monotherapy or combined with azithromycin in COVID-19 treatment.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Assessment of the Optic Nerve Head in Patients Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 Bilateral Pneumonia.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- After the Hurricane: Anti-COVID-19 Drugs Development, Molecular Mechanisms of Action and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Prenol, but Not Vitamin C, of Fruit Binds to SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 to Inhibit Viral Entry: Implications for COVID-19.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Review
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may cause liver injuryWorld journal of virology · 2023Review
- Assessment of drugs administered in the Middle East as part of the COVID-19 management protocols.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Review
- A comprehensive review on pharmacologic agents, immunotherapies and supportive therapeutics for COVID-19.Narra J · 2022Review
- Regression of Lung Cancer in Mice by Intranasal Administration of SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1.Cancers · 2022Article
- Targeting autophagy regulation in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated lung inflammation in COVID-19.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2022Review
- A Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Method for the Measurement of Hydroxychloroquine and Its Active Metabolite Desethyl Hydroxychloroquine in Whole Blood in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- COVID-19, Oxidative Stress and Male Reproduction: Possible Role of Antioxidants.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Can anti-parasitic drugs help control COVID-19?Future virology · 2022Review
- Tolerability and pharmacokinetic evaluation of inhaled dry powder hydroxychloroquine in healthy volunteers.PloS one · 2022Article
- Eugenol, a Component of Holy Basil (Tulsi) and Common Spice Clove, Inhibits the Interaction Between SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 and ACE2 to Induce Therapeutic Responses.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2021Article
- Selective Inhibition of the Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 and ACE2 by SPIDAR Peptide Induces Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Coronavirus disease-2019: A review on the disease exacerbation via cytokine storm and concurrent management.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- Immunopharmacological perspective on zinc in SARS-CoV-2 infection.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- Development of a SARS-CoV-2-derived receptor-binding domain-based ACE2 biosensor.Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an old medication for malaria. In addition to handling this parasitic disease, HCQ is also used to treat a number of autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus when other medications are not effective. Recently a new viral infection (COVID-19) is rocking the entire world so much that it has already taken more than 200,000 lives throughout the world within the last two months and the World Health Organization was forced to declare it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Interestingly, some reports indicate that this wonder drug may be also beneficial for COVID-19 and accordingly, many clinical trials have begun. Here, we discuss different modes of action (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, inhibition of endosomal acidification, suppression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 or ACE2 glycosylation, etc.) of HCQ that might be responsible for its possible anti-COVID-19 effect. On the other hand, this review also makes an honest attempt to delineate mechanisms (increase in vasoconstriction, inhibition of autophagy, depletion of T cells, etc.) indicating how it may aggravate certain conditions and why caution should be taken before granting widespread repurposing of HCQ for COVID-19. Graphical Abstract.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.