ArticleBMC public health2020
Multilevel analysis of factors associated with unmet need for family planning among Malawian women.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unmet need for contraceptives and unintended pregnancies among adolescent girls and young women aged 15 to 24 in Zambia: insights from the Yathu Yathu trial.Reproductive health · 2025Trial
- What factors drive unmet need for modern contraception among sexually active adolescent girls and young women in Zambia: a multilevel analysis.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of unmet need for family planning among married women on Idjwi Island, Democratic Republic of the Congo.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Unmet need for family planning and associated factors among reproductive age women working in Bole Lemi industrial park, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2024: an institution based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Eight out of every twenty-five married women have an unmet need for family planning in Meyu Muluke District, Eastern Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Relationship Dynamics and Young Women's Contraceptive Use.Sexuality research & social policy : journal of NSRC : SR & SP · 2024Article
- Spatial Heterogeneity and association between the survey-based Women's Empowerment Index (SWPER) and unmet need for birth spacing in sub-Saharan Africa.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2024Article
- Multilevel mixed effects analysis of individual and community factors associated with unmet need for contraception among married women in four East African countries.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Spatial distribution and determinants of unmet need for family planning among all reproductive‑age women in Uganda: a multi‑level logistic regression modeling approach and spatial analysis.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Unmet need for family planning among pastoralist community of West Omo zone, Ethiopia: A community based cross-sectional study.SAGE open medicine · 2024Article
- Modeling Contraception and Pregnancy in Malawi: A Thanzi La Onse Mathematical Modeling Study.Studies in family planning · 2023Article
- Using Andersen's behavioral model of health care use for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in Nigeria.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
- Contributing factors for urban-rural inequalities in unmet need for family planning among reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- The impact of depression at preconception on pregnancy planning and unmet need for contraception in the first postpartum year: a cohort study from rural Malawi.Reproductive health · 2023Article
- Unmet need for family planning and associated factors among currently married women in Hawella Tulla subcity, Hawassa, southern Ethiopia: community-based study.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2023Article
- Unmet need for family planning and associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence and determinants of unmet need for contraception among women in low and high-priority segments for family planning demand generation in Nigeria.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMalawi has a high fertility rate which is also characterized by a relatively high prevalence of unmet need for contraception. However, little is known about the influence of individual- and community- level characteristics on unmet need in Malawi. This study examined the individual- and community- level factors associated with unmet need for family planning (FP) among Malawian women.
methodsData from the 2015-16 Malawi demographic and health survey were used to analyze 15, 931 women. The association between individual- and community- level factors and unmet need was assessed using multilevel binary logistic regression models.
resultsThe prevalence of total unmet need was 21.0%. Women aged ≥35 years were more likely to have total unmet need [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.35] compared with those aged 15-24 years. Women who were married [aOR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.35-0.48], and those employed [aOR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.71-0.85] were associated with less likelihood of having total unmet need compared with unmarried, and unemployed women, respectively. At community-level, women from communities with a high percentage of women from rich households [aOR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.67-0.96], and those from communities with a middle and high percentage of educated women [aOR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76-0.96 and aOR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.70-0.93, respectively] were less likely to have total unmet need for FP compared with those from communities with low percentages of rich and educated women, respectively. The proportional change in variance showed that about 36.0% of total variations in the odds of unmet need across the communities were explained by both individual- and community-level factors. Moreover, the intraclass correlation showed that about 3.0% of the total variation remained unexplained even after controlling for both individual- and community-level factors.
conclusionBoth individual- and community- level factors influenced unmet need for FP in Malawi. Public health practitioners should conduct community profiling and consider individual and community factors when designing FP programs.
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