ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2020
Association of Dry Eye Disease With Dyslipidemia and Statin Use.
Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between dyslipidaemia and dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Real-world damage accrual in Sjögren's disease: a 5-year multicentre GIRRCS cohort analysis.RMD open · 2026Article
- Dual crisis: environmental and economic unsustainability in NHS dry eye prescribing.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Assessment of the aggregate index of systemic inflammation in dyslipidemia with dry eye disease: a retrospective case-control.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Link Between Metabolic Syndrome, Inflammation, and Eye Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Visual Disturbances Associated With Statins: A Case Report and Literature Review.Clinical medicine insights. Case reports · 2025Article
- Advances in AI-assisted quantification of dry eye indicators.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Association between statin use and dry eye disease in patients with hyperlipidemia: A population-based retrospective cohort study.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- The Association between Ovarian Cancer and the Incidence of Newly Developed Dry Eye Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Extents of Coronary Heart Disease and the Severity of Newly Developed Dry Eye Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review
- Impact of Dyslipidemia on Tear Film and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Interplay between Serum Lipid Profile and Ocular Surface Health.Journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease Among Individuals Scheduled for Cataract Surgery in a Norwegian Cataract Clinic.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Association of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction with Oral Statin Use.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Exploring the Association Between Lipid-Lowering Medications and Dry Eye Disease in COVID-19 Patients.Romanian journal of ophthalmologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine whether an association exists between dry eye disease (DED) and statin use and/or dyslipidemia.
designRetrospective, case-control study.
methodsSetting: University of North Carolina (UNC)-affiliated healthcare facilities. STUDY POPULATION: 72,931 patients seen at UNC ophthalmology clinics over a 10-year period.
main outcome measuresOdds ratios (ORs) calculated between DED and a history of low, moderate, or high-intensity statin use; and ORs calculated between DED and abnormal lipid panel values.
resultsTotal of 39,336 individuals (53.9% female) were analyzed after exclusion of individuals with confounding risk factors for DED. Of these, 3,399 patients (8.6%) carried a diagnosis of DED. Low-, moderate-, and high-intensity statin regimens were used by 751 subjects (1.9%), 2,655 subjects (6.8%), and 1,036 subjects (2.6%). Lipid abnormalities were identified as total cholesterol >200 mg/dL, 4,558 subjects (11.6%); high-density lipoprotein (HDL) <40 mg/dL, 2,078 subjects (5.3%); low-density lipoprotein (LDL) >130 mg/dL, 2,756 subjects (7.0%); and triglycerides (TGs) >150 mg/dL, 2,881 subjects (7.3%). The odds ratios (OR) of carrying a diagnosis of DED given the presence of low-, moderate-, and high-intensity statin use were 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.72); OR 1.47 (95% CI: 1.30-1.65), and OR 1.46 (95% CI: 1.21-1.75), respectively. The OR of carrying a diagnosis of DED given the presence of total cholesterol >200 mg/dL, HDL <40 mg/dL, LDL >130 mg/dL, and TGs >150 mg/dL were 1.66 (95% CI: 1.52-1.82), 1.45 (95% CI: 1.26-1.67), 1.55 (95% CI: 1.39-1.74), and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.27-1.61), respectively.
conclusionsA history of statin use or dyslipidemia is associated with an increased odds of having a DED diagnosis. Further studies are needed to determine whether statin use and/or dyslipidemia increases the risk of DED.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.