ArticleCell2020
Dynamic Stimulation of Visual Cortex Produces Form Vision in Sighted and Blind Humans.
Article in Cell, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 248 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term safety and efficacy of intracortical microstimulation in humans.Science translational medicine · 2026Trial
- Seeing anew: Mechanisms, outcomes, and challenges in adapting to restored sight via visual prostheses.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- Trends in neuroprosthetic technologies to restore sensations.Biomedical engineering letters · 2026Review
- Electrical Microstimulation in Macaque Early Visual Cortex Reveals Causal Links to Color Perception.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Article
- Advancing data protections for implantable brain-computer interfaces.Communications medicine · 2026Review
- Stress-Based Assessment of Bio-Inspired Phosphene Vision Encoding: Trade-Offs Among Performance, Residual Proxy Safety Burden, and Topology-Based Representation Metrics.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Modalities of vision restoration in optic neuropathies and retinal disease.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- Neural Vision Restoration in Ophthalmology.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Neural population dynamics of direct electrical stimulation of neocortex.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Advances in neuroprostheses: interfaces, materials, and applications.Nano convergence · 2026Review
- A Dynamic Virtual Channel Approach to Enhance Retinal Prosthetic Precision.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A multi-region flexible neural interface for behavioral state decoding in freely moving mice.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Motion perception with visual prostheses.Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England) · 2026Review
- Nonuniform spike count shared variability in the mouse early visual system.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Intraocular Micro-LED Epiretinal Projection for Anterior Segment Blindness: Design and Large-Animal Feasibility Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From Physical Replacement to Biological Symbiosis: Evolutionary Paradigms and Future Prospects of Auditory Reconstruction Brain-Computer Interfaces.Micromachines · 2026Review
- A Machine Learning-Based Decoder Framework for the Cortical Voltage-Sensitive Dye Responses to Retinal Neuromorphic Microstimulation: A Proof-of-Concept Simulation Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neural mechanisms underlying intracortical microstimulation for sensory restoration.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Brain-Computer Interfaces for Vision Recovery in Precortical Vision Loss.Eye and brain · 2026Review
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A visual cortical prosthesis (VCP) has long been proposed as a strategy for restoring useful vision to the blind, under the assumption that visual percepts of small spots of light produced with electrical stimulation of visual cortex (phosphenes) will combine into coherent percepts of visual forms, like pixels on a video screen. We tested an alternative strategy in which shapes were traced on the surface of visual cortex by stimulating electrodes in dynamic sequence. In both sighted and blind participants, dynamic stimulation enabled accurate recognition of letter shapes predicted by the brain's spatial map of the visual world. Forms were presented and recognized rapidly by blind participants, up to 86 forms per minute. These findings demonstrate that a brain prosthetic can produce coherent percepts of visual forms.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.