ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics2020
Bi-allelic Variations of SMO in Humans Cause a Broad Spectrum of Developmental Anomalies Due to Abnormal Hedgehog Signaling.
Article in American journal of human genetics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cesarean delivery in a pregnant woman with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome: a case report.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Clinical and molecular landscape of skeletal ciliopathies across prenatal and pediatric cohorts with assessment of oxidative stress markers.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Missense Variants in the Second Transmembrane Domain of TMEM17 Disrupt Its Stability and Function and Lead to a Wide Phenotypic Spectrum of Ciliopathies.Clinical genetics · 2026Article
- Presentation of Pallister-Hall-Like Syndrome in a Girl with a Homozygous Rare Variant in theMolecular syndromology · 2025Article
- A Novel Variant in the Cyto-Tail ofMolecular syndromology · 2024Article
- Clinical and molecular heterogeneity of syndromic hypothalamic hamartoma.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2023Article
- Lessons learnt from multifaceted diagnostic approaches to the first 150 families in Victoria's Undiagnosed Diseases Program.Journal of medical genetics · 2022Article
- Sporadic hypothalamic hamartoma is a ciliopathy with somatic and bi-allelic contributions.Human molecular genetics · 2022Article
- Review
- GSK-3β suppression upregulates Gli1 to alleviate osteogenesis inhibition in titanium nanoparticle-induced osteolysis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Bi-allelic SMO variants in hypothalamic hamartoma: a recessive cause of Pallister-Hall syndrome.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2022Article
- Case Report: Prenatal Diagnosis of Postaxial Polydactyly With Bi-Allelic Variants in Smoothened (SMO).Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Molecular Bases of Human Malformation Syndromes Involving the SHH Pathway: GLIA/R Balance and Cardinal Phenotypes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Hypothalamic Hamartomas: Evolving Understanding and Management.Neurology · 2021Review
- FBW7 couples structural integrity with functional output of primary cilia.Communications biology · 2021Article
- The Role of Sonic Hedgehog in Human Holoprosencephaly and Short-Rib Polydactyly Syndromes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Dysregulation of the NRG1/ERBB pathway causes a developmental disorder with gastrointestinal dysmotility in humans.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- Atrial and Sinoatrial Node Development in the Zebrafish Heart.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2021Review
- Developmental and regenerative paradigms of cilia regulated hedgehog signaling.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
32 authors at 11 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved hedgehog (Hh) pathway is essential for organogenesis and plays critical roles in postnatal tissue maintenance and renewal. A unique feature of the vertebrate Hh pathway is that signal transduction requires the primary cilium (PC) where major pathway components are dynamically enriched. These factors include smoothened (SMO) and patched, which constitute the core reception system for sonic hedgehog (SHH) as well as GLI transcription factors, the key mediators of the pathway. Here, we report bi-allelic loss-of-function variations in SMO in seven individuals from five independent families; these variations cause a wide phenotypic spectrum of developmental anomalies affecting the brain (hypothalamic hamartoma and microcephaly), heart (atrioventricular septal defect), skeleton (postaxial polydactyly, narrow chest, and shortening of long bones), and enteric nervous system (aganglionosis). Cells derived from affected individuals showed normal ciliogenesis but severely altered Hh-signal transduction as a result of either altered PC trafficking or abnormal activation of the pathway downstream of SMO. In addition, Hh-independent GLI2 accumulation at the PC tip in cells from the affected individuals suggests a potential function of SMO in regulating basal ciliary trafficking of GLI2 when the pathway is off. Thus, loss of SMO function results in abnormal PC dynamics of key components of the Hh signaling pathway and leads to a large continuum of malformations in humans.
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